. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Autism Dev Disord. 2018 Sep;48(9):3037–3050. doi: 10.1007/s10803-018-3555-4

Table 3.

Comparison of Performance on ADOS Module 3 Items for Children with Williams Syndrome Classified Non-spectrum (WS-NS) vs. Spectrum (WS-ASD)

ADOS Item	WS-NS		WS-ASD		z	p
ADOS Item	M	SD	M	SD	z	p
Overall Level of Non-echoed Language	.31	.52	.56	.51	−1.87	.062
Speech Abnormalities Assoc with Autism	.43	.50	.94	.24	−3.68	<.001	^**
Immediate Echolalia	.00	.00	.06	.24	−1.53	.127
Stereotyped/Idiosyncratic Words/Phrases	.24	.48	.61	.70	−2.27	.023	^*
Offers Information	.12	.33	.56	.51	−3.55	<.001	^**
Asks for Information	.31	.56	.33	.59	−.14	.892
Reporting of Events	.24	.48	.72	.58	−3.28	.001	^**
Conversation	.10	.30	.78	.55	−4.92	<.001	^**
Gestures	.26	.45	.33	.59	−.24	.809
Unusual Eye Contact	.10	.43	.89	1.02	−3.75	<.001	^**
Facial Expressions Directed to Others	.40	.50	.78	.43	−2.63	.009	^**
Lang Prod & Linked Nonverbal Comm	.29	.46	.44	.51	−1.18	.236
Shared Enjoyment in Interaction	.07	.26	.56	.51	−4.14	<.001	^**
Empathy/Comments on Others’ Emotions	.64	.73	1.22	.88	−2.43	.015	^*
Insight	1.07	.68	2.17	.79	−4.30	<.001	^**
Quality of Social Overtures	.17	.38	.83	.51	−4.56	<.001	^**
Quality of Social Response	.07	.26	.78	.43	−5.52	<.001	^**
Amt of Reciprocal Social Comm	.02	.15	.39	.50	−3.78	<.001	^**
Overall Quality of Rapport	.02	.15	1.00	.77	−6.12	<.001	^**
Imagination/Creativity	.57	.50	.78	.65	−1.11	.265
Unusual Sensory Int in Play Mat/Person	.17	.38	.33	.59	−1.06	.290
Hand, Finger, and Other Mannerisms	.07	.34	.39	.78	−2.08	.038	^*
Self-Injurious Behavior	.00	.00	.22	.65	−2.18	.029	^*
Excess Interest/Repetitive Behavior	.21	.52	.39	.78	−.66	.510
Compulsions or Rituals	.17	.38	.28	.46	−.98	.328
Overactivity/Agitation	.26	.54	.61	.70	−2.17	.030	^*
Tantrums, Aggr, Negative/Disruptive Beh	.05	.31	.50	.71	−3.70	<.001	^**
Anxiety	.17	.44	.06	.24	−.971	.332

p < .05,

^**

p < .01

Note: Italicized items are ADOS-2 algorithm items. Amt Soc Overtures/Maintenance of Attn = Amount of Social Overtures/Maintenance of Attention; Speech Abnormalities Assoc with Autism = Speech Abnormalities Associated with Autism (Intonation/Volume/Rhythm/Rate); Stereotyped/Idiosyncratic Words/Phrases = Stereotyped/Idiosyncratic Use of Words or Phrases; Gestures = Descriptive, Conventional, Instrumental, or Informational Gestures; Lang Prod & Linked Nonverbal Comm = Language Production and Linked Nonverbal Communication; Amount of Reciprocal Social Comm = Amount of Reciprocal Social Communication; Unusual Sensory Int in Play Mat/Person = Unusual Sensory Interest in Play Material/Person; Hand, Finger, and Other Mannerisms = Hand and Finger and Other Complex Mannerisms; Excess Interest/Repetitive Behavior = Excessive Interest in or References to Unusual or Highly Specific Topics or Objects or Repetitive Behaviors; Tantrums, Aggr, Negative/Disruptive Beh = Tantrums, Aggression, Negative or Disruptive Behavior; Note: WS-NS = WS non-spectrum group; WS-ASD = WS ASD group