. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 23.

Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Res. 2018 May 23;84(1):71–79. doi: 10.1038/s41390-018-0022-z

Table 3. NICU Premature Infant Cohort Exposures.

Newborn antibiotics are antibiotics given to the infants in the first few days of life. A stool sample was considered to have antibiotic exposure if antibiotics were administered on same day as sample collection. Delivery mode was either a C-section (Caesarean section) or a vaginal delivery. Breastmilk exposure at time of sample collection was if the child was receiving breastmilk at time of stool collection. A stool sample was considered to belong to an infant who was exclusively fed breastmilk if no milk fortifier or formula was given before or on day of stool sample collection.

Exposure	Frequency
Newborn Antibiotic Exposure	16/17 subjects (94%)
Antibiotic Exposure on Day of Sample Collection	14/65 samples (22%)
Delivery Mode (# C-sections/total)	13/17 subjects (76%)
Breastmilk Exposure at Time of Sample Collection	61/65 samples (94%)
Exclusive Breastmilk Feeding at Time of Sample Collection	15/65 samples (23%)