Table 3.
Odds ratios for habitual exercisea according to tertiles of residential neighborhood built environment indices, Aichi Workers' Cohort, 2013.
| No. of subjects | No. of cases (%) | Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) | P | Multivariable OR1b (95% CI) | P | Multivariable OR2b (95% CI) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||||
| Walkability | ||||||||
| 9–29 | 624 | 104 (17) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 30–34 | 648 | 121 (19) | 1.15 (0.86–1.53) | 0.35 | 1.12 (0.84–1.50) | 0.43 | 1.12 (0.84–1.50) | 0.43 |
| 35–40 | 687 | 126 (18) | 1.12 (0.84–1.49) | 0.43 | 1.11 (0.83–1.48) | 0.49 | 1.10 (0.83–1.47) | 0.50 |
| Number of parks or green spaces within a 1 km network buffer | ||||||||
| 0–3 | 670 | 125 (19) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 4–7 | 1042 | 181 (17) | 1.28 (0.96–1.71) | 0.10 | 1.25 (0.93–1.68) | 0.13 | 1.25 (0.93–1.68) | 0.13 |
| 8–22 | 247 | 45 (18) | 1.23 (0.93–1.63) | 0.14 | 1.25 (0.94–1.66) | 0.12 | 1.24 (0.93–1.65) | 0.14 |
| Number of sports facilities within a 1 km network buffer | ||||||||
| 0–1 | 684 | 126 (18) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 2–3 | 196 | 38 (19) | 0.90 (0.67–1.21) | 0.48 | 0.88 (0.65–1.18) | 0.39 | 0.88 (0.65–1.18) | 0.38 |
| 4–33 | 1079 | 187 (17) | 1.28 (0.98–1.67) | 0.07 | 1.30 (0.99–1.70) | 0.06 | 1.29 (0.98–1.69) | 0.07 |
| Women | ||||||||
| Walkability | ||||||||
| 12–30 | 279 | 36 (13) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 31–34 | 276 | 49 (18) | 1.47 (0.92–2.35) | 0.11 | 1.48 (0.92–2.39) | 0.11 | 1.47 (0.91–2.37) | 0.12 |
| 35–40 | 329 | 64 (19) | 1.63 (1.04–2.54) | 0.03 | 1.69 (1.07–2.67) | 0.02 | 1.70 (1.08–2.68) | 0.02 |
| Number of parks or green spaces within 1 km network buffer | ||||||||
| 0–3 | 288 | 54 (19) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 4–7 | 201 | 26 (13) | 1.18 (0.74–1.87) | 0.49 | 1.24 (0.77–1.99) | 0.37 | 1.27 (0.79–2.04) | 0.33 |
| 8–21 | 395 | 69 (17) | 1.45 (0.94–2.26) | 0.10 | 1.47 (0.93–2.31) | 0.10 | 1.48 (0.94–2.33) | 0.09 |
| Number of sports facilities within a 1 km network buffer | ||||||||
| 0–1 | 368 | 50 (14) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 2–3 | 196 | 42 (21) | 1.30 (0.84–2.02) | 0.24 | 1.28 (0.81–2.01) | 0.29 | 1.26 (0.80–1.98) | 0.32 |
| 4–23 | 320 | 57 (18) | 1.10 (0.73–1.68) | 0.65 | 1.08 (0.70–1.67) | 0.72 | 1.05 (0.68–1.62) | 0.83 |
Habitual exercise was defined by participation in brisk walking, moderate-or-vigorous physical activity 3–4 or more times per week during leisure-time.
Multivariable model 1 is adjusted for age (continuous), educational attainment (<16, ≥16 years), marital status (married, other), location of the office (central, local), office worker (yes, no), body mass index (<21, 21–<25, or ≥25 kg/m2), smoking status (never, former, or current), alcohol drinking habits (never, former, or current), sleeping hours (<6, 6–<7, or ≥7), eating breakfast every day (yes, no), depression (yes, no), and history of hypertension or diabetes (yes, no). Multivariable model 2 is further adjusted for respective worksite environmental indices (e.g., in the analysis of residential neighborhood walkability, worksite walkability was adjusted).