Fig. 1.

A simple schematic representing the base expectations of the existence of TGIP when accounting for the predictability of the parasite environment between generations and the costs associated with elevated immunity. In the absence of associated costs, all offspring will be expected to display increased resistance, irrespective of parental experience with parasites and the predictability of the environment across generations. When costs for increased resistance are present, increased resistance is only predicted when the parental environment predicts the parasite environment of offspring, and when parents are exposed to infection (TGIP). Under a framework of specific costs of resistance, parasite-specific TGIP is only expected to evolve when the predictability of the environment across generations is also specific to the parasite types