Fig. 2. Generation of PDX models for chemotherapy.

Tumor tissues from cancer patients are implanted into immunodeficient mice (P0) subcutaneously or orthotopically. After the growth of tumor tissues in P0 mice, these tissues are used for genomic analysis such as whole exome sequencing (WES), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and copy number alteration (CNA) analysis and can be preserved or reimplanted into new mice for tumor cell passaging. After more expanding of these tumor xenografts, in vivo drug response testing can be performed in these models