Figure 1.

(a) Photograph and (b) schematic diagram of the experimental design of the flight arena used to quantify bumblebee foraging behaviour. Size of robotic flowers in (b) is only illustrative. White circles represent yellow (rewarding) flowers, while grey and black circles represent orange and blue (both punishing) flowers. (c) Time series photographs of foraging by a bumblebee on a robotic flower (during training in the nest cage). Photo (a) credit: Lassi Kalleinen; photo (c) credit: Kari Saikkonen.