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. 2018 Jul 25;2018:1916841. doi: 10.1155/2018/1916841

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Copyright © 2018 Yang Yuan et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Regulation of mitochondrial protection during EEP-induced cardioprotection. (a) Changes in the ratio of phosphorylated VDAC1 (p-VDAC1) to nonphosphorylated VDAC1 (0-VDAC1), as indicated by Phos-tag blotting. Comparison of groups EE and EEP + EE to C and that of group W + EEP + EE to EE and EEP + EE showed significant differences (P < 0.05). (b) Changes in p-Akt expression. Comparison of groups EE, W + EEP, and W + EEP + EE to C showed significant differences (P < 0.05). Comparison of group EEP + EE to EE and W + EEP + EE showed significant differences (P < 0.05). (c) Changes in the expression of cytosolic Cyt-c by immunoblotting. Comparison of group W + EEP + EE to EE showed a significant difference (P < 0.05). (d) Mitochondrial Cyt-c. Comparison of group W + EEP + EE to C, EE, and EEP showed significant differences (P < 0.05). (e) Changes in the ratio of cytosolic Cyt-c to mitochondrial Cyt-c. Comparison of group W + EEP + EE to EE showed a significant difference (P < 0.05). (f) Changes in mitochondrial Drp-1 expression. Comparison of group W + EEP to C and that of group W + EEP + EE to C, EE, and EEP + EE showed significant differences (P < 0.05). (g) Changes in Beclin1 expression. Comparison of group EEP + EE to C and that of group W + EEP + EE to C, EE, and W + EEP showed significant differences (P < 0.05). (h) Bcl-2 expression did not differ among groups. (i) Changes in the ratio of Beclin1 to Bcl-2. Comparison of group W + EEP + EE to C showed a significant difference (P < 0.05). (j) Changes in total (T) SOD activity. Comparison of groups EE, EEP, and W + EEP to C, group EEP + EE to EE and EEP, and group W + EEP + EE to EE showed significant differences (P < 0.05). (k) Changes in MnSOD activity. Comparison of groups EEP and W + EEP to C, group EEP + EE to EEP, and group W + EEP + EE to C and EE showed significant differences (P < 0.05). (l) Measurement of MnSOD expression levels by immunoblotting showed no differences among groups. ^∗Compared to C; ^§compared to EE; ^†compared to EEP; ^&compared to EEP + EE; ^#compared to W + EEP. C: control; EE: exhaustive exercise; EEP: early exercise preconditioning; EEP + EE: early exercise preconditioning plus exhaustive exercise; W + EEP: wortmannin plus early exercise preconditioning; W + EEP + EE: wortmannin plus early exercise preconditioning plus exhaustive exercise.