Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data of the study population
| Variable | |
|---|---|
| N | 1644 |
| Demographic characteristics | |
| Gender, female, n (%) | 917 (55.8) |
| Age, years | 30.1 ± 12.0 |
| Age of diagnosis, years | 14.6 ± 8.9 |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 15.3 ± 9.3 |
| Years of formal education, years | 12.3 ± 3.8 |
| Economic status, n (%) | |
| High | 49 (3.0) |
| Medium | 745 (45.3) |
| Low | 795 (48.4) |
| Very low | 55 (3.3) |
| Clinical data | |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.0 ± 2.1 |
| HbA1c, mean (SD), mmol/mol | 74.5 ± 23.1 |
| Diet adherence > 80%, n (%) | 846 (58.4) |
| Insulin regimens, n (%) | |
| Intermediate or long acting | 80 (4.9) |
| Intermediate/long plus short acting | 1.510 (91.8) |
| CSII | 54 (3.3) |
| Serum uric acid, mean (SD), mg/dL | 5.1 ± 1.8 |
| HDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | 56.8 ± 19.1 |
| LDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | 109.8 ± 40.8 |
| Triglycerides, mean (SD), mg/dL | 109.8 ± 84.6 |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 24.2 ± 4.2 |
| Arterial hypertension, yes, n (%) | 288 (17.5) |
| Macrovascular disease, yes n (%) | 57 (3.5) |
| Use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, yes, n (%) | 437 (26.6) |
| Current smoker, yes, n (%) | 86 (5.6) |
| Chronic kidney disease, yes, n (%) | 289 (16.4) |
| Diabetic retinopathy, n (%) | |
| Absent | 1055 (64.2) |
| Mild non-proliferative | 298 (18.1) |
| Moderate non-proliferative | 108 (6.6) |
| Severe non-proliferative | 11 (0.6) |
| Proliferative | 172 (10.4) |
| Macular edema, yes, n (%)† | 44 (2.7) |
Notes: Data are presented as numbers (percentages) or means ± SD (standard deviation)
†Of the total patiens with DR (mild, moderate, severe and proliferative), 44 presented macular edema
Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, CSII continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, LDL-c low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL high density lipoprotein cholesterol