Fig. 1.

Detection of AD pathological hallmarks using curcumin. Curcumin staining of AD pathological hallmarks in early and late onset AD cases and AD cases with CAA type 1 (CAA-1) (a-d). Immunohistochemical DAB stainings for amyloid-beta (4G8 and IC-16) (e-l) and phosphorylated tau (AT8)(m-p) are shown for reference. Hippocampal blocks were used for AD-cases, while occipital blocks were used for CAA cases. IHC and fluorescent stainings were performed on the same brain region. Scale bars 100 μm. * = plaque, † = neurofibrillary tangle, ‡ = cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Abbreviations: EOAD = early onset Alzheimer’s disease, LOAD = late onset Alzheimer’s disease