Table 1.
General characteristics of the subjects categorized by waist circumference.
| Non-visceral obesity | Visceral obesity | Relative change percentage (%) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 1,063 | 1,462 | ||
| Age (year) | 63.31 ± 6.61 | 65.02 ± 6.5 | 2.7 | < 0.001 |
| METABOLIC FACTORS | ||||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 72.57 ± 4.99 | 88.06 ± 6.84 | 21.3 | < 0.001 |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.82 ± 0.05 | 0.91 ± 0.12 | 11.0 | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.55 ± 2.73 | 26.69 ± 3.21 | 18.4 | < 0.001 |
| Visceral adiposity index | 1.40 (1.19) | 2.20 (1.61) | 48.4 | < 0.001 |
| Chinese visceral adiposity index | 84.28 ± 22.78 | 127.41 ± 24.62 | 51.2 | < 0.001 |
| Lipid accumulation product | 18.98 (17.08) | 47.16 (34.12) | 151 | < 0.001 |
| Systolic pressure (mmHg) | 135.13 ± 21.70 | 144.11 ± 21.18 | 6.6 | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 77.39 ± 12.28 | 82.04 ± 12.49 | 6.0 | < 0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.66 ± 1.19 | 6.02 ± 1.74 | 6.4 | < 0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 29.10 (16.60) | 41.40 (27.45) | 44.7 | < 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.03 (0.64) | 1.51 (1.16) | 55.6 | < 0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.24 (0.79) | 1.58 (0.97) | 25.5 | < 0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.44 ± 1.08 | 5.51 ± 1.21 | 1.3 | 0.161 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.20 ± 0.80 | 3.36 ± 0.82 | 5.0 | < 0.001 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.56 ± 0.34 | 1.42 ± 0.30 | −9.0 | < 0.001 |
| SEX HORMONES | ||||
| Total T (proportion above vs. below detection limit, %) | 30.6 vs. 69.4 | 38.5 vs. 61.5 | < 0.001 | |
| E2 (proportion above vs. below detection limit, %) | 28.4 vs. 71.6 | 34.2 vs. 65.8 | < 0.01 | |
| LH (IU/L) | 25.80 (14.30) | 22.70 (12.10) | −11.2 | < 0.001 |
| FSH (IU/L) | 67.50 (32.10) | 56.20 (27.35) | −15.5 | < 0.001 |
| LH/FSH ratio | 0.38 (0.15) | 0.40 (0.15) | 5.0 | < 0.001 |
| Current smoker (%) | 3.0 | 3.9 | 0.269 | |
Data are summarized as the mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) for normally or non-normally distributed continuous variables and as number with proportion for categorical variables. The Mann-Whitney U or Student's T-test was used for continuous variables, and the Pearson χ2 test was used for dichotomous variables.