Figure 1. Rhythmic expression of core clock genes and clock-regulated genes in the liver of Gα_i3^-/- mice.

Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of rhythmic expression of core clock genes and clock output genes in the liver of female (A) and male (B) Gα_i3 deficient mice vs. wild-type control animals. Mice were sacrificed and analyzed every six hours at the indicated time points (ZT 0 to ZT 18). Transcript levels of the indicated genes were normalized to the endogenous control Gapdh. Shown are 2^-ΔCt values. Results are expressed as mean ± s.d. of six animals analyzed per genotype and time point (^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01 as compared to corresponding wild-type control animals).