. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 9.

Published in final edited form as: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2016 Dec 14;28(1):40–45. doi: 10.1038/jes.2016.69

Table 1.

Target pyrethroid insecticides and their environmental degradates measured in the duplicate-diet solid food samples.

Pyrethroid	Environmental Degradate^a
	3-PBA	4-F-3-PBA	cis-DBCA	cis-DCCA	trans-DCCA	MPA
Bifenthrin						○^b
Cyfluthrin		○		●	●
λ-Cyhalothrin	●^c
Cypermethrin	●			●	●
cis-Deltamethrin	●		○
Esfenvalerate	●
cis-Permethrin	●			●
trans-Permethrin	●				●

Abbreviations: 3-PBA (3-phenoxybenzoic acid); 4-F-3-PBA (4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid); cis-DBCA (cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcy-clopropane carboxylic acid); cis-DCCA (cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid); trans-DCCA (trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclo-propane carboxylic acid; MPA (2-methyl-3-phenylbenzoic acid).

The environmental degradates are also commonly used as urinary biomarkers of exposure in humans.

’○’ equals specific metabolite of one pyrethroid insecticide.

’●’ equals nonspecific metabolite of one or more pyrethroid insecticides.