Table 5.
The estimated adults’ maximum dietary exposures and intake doses to the target pyrethroid insecticides.a
| Pyrethroid | Maximum dietary exposure (ng/day) | Maximum dietary dose (ng/kg/day) | Oral RfDb (ng/kg/day) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bifenthrin | 6206 | 63.1 | 15,000 |
| Cyfluthrin | 31,153c | 265 | —d |
| λ-Cyhalothrin | 7807 | 69.7 | 5000 |
| Cypermethrin | 46,207c | 393 | 10,000 |
| cis-Deltamethrin | 205 | 2.93 | — |
| Esfenvalerate | 102,071 | 1784 | — |
| Permethrine | 121,000 | 2115 | 50,000 |
a
Estimates using 24-h duplicate-diet solid food samples (excludes beverages).
b
Oral reference dose (RfD), US EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), http://www.epa.gov/iris/.
c
Missing food mass data from same study participant due to laboratory error; used average food mass data of all study adults by time period.
d
Not available in IRIS.
e
Combined cis- and trans-isomers.