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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Jun 12;217(3):282–302. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.06.003

Figure 9. Nutrient-sensing pathways in the evolution of species from unicellular to multicellular organisms.

Figure 9

Unicellular organisms have two distinct nutrient pathways (PII and chemoreceptors), while fungi evolved three distinct nutrient-sensing pathways (SPS, Snf3/Rgt2, and MEP2). are denoted, followed by the sensing pathways that are conserved from yeast to man. Blue bars indicate the presence of the nutrient-sensing pathways used by different organisms. (Abbreviations: AMPK, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; GCN2, general control nonderepressible 2; MEP, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate; SPS, Ssy1-Ptr3-Ssy5; TOR, target of rapamycin)

Reproduced with permission from Chantranupong L, Wolfson RL, Sabatini DM. Nutrient-sensing mechanisms across evolution. Cell. 2015; 161:67-83.