Table 1.
Coalescent estimation of population genetic parameters among the P. minor populations using IMa
| Loci | Populations | θH | θL | mH | mL | mH* | mL* | mL*/mH* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (High versus lowland) | ||||||||
| All neutralloci | HA versus LA | 0.43 | 1.68 | 2.50 | 10.36 | 0.54 | 8.69 | 16.09 |
| (0.18–1.18) | (0.78–4.82) | (0.68–41.37) | (3.24–45.80) | |||||
| HB versus LA | 1.14 | 1.09 | 0.00 | 2.18 | 0.00 | 1.19 | NA | |
| (0.66–2.03) | (0.64–2.00) | (0.02–4.64) | (0.25–5.51) | |||||
| HB versus HA | 1.11 | 0.53 | 0.00 | 1.76 | 0.00 | 0.47 | NA | |
| (0.67–1.93) | (0.28–1.14) | (0.01–2.81) | (0.42–5.62) | |||||
| αA–globingene | HA versus LA | 0.43 | 0.41 | 1.03 | 0.01 | 0.22 | 0.00 | NA |
| (0.16–2.17) | (0.13–1.93) | (0.27–8.06) | (0.02–5.60) | |||||
| HB versus LA | 0.49 | 0.60 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | NA | |
| (0.13–2.07) | (0.23–2.26) | (0.01–2.28) | (0.01–2.10) | |||||
| HB versus HA | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.01 | 8.73 | 0.00 | 5.25 | NA | |
| (0.10–1.57) | (0.52–31.37) | (0.12–19.41) | (2.73–51.57) |
The neutral parameter θ = 4 Nμ, N is the effective population size of each population, μ is the mutation rate. mH, the migration rate from lowland to highland (upslope); mL, migration rate from highland to lowland (downslope). The upslope gene flow between HB and HA is from the relative lowland east QTP (HA) to the highland west QTP (HB), the opposite is downslope from HB to HA (Supplementary Figure S1 and see Appendix S3). The 95% highest posterior density (95% HPD) are shown in parentheses. mH* and mL*, were scaled m by effective population size by m × θ/2 of upslope and downslope gene flow. The mL*/mH* ratio is an index of the asymmetric gene flow. NA is an ineffective ratio of zero m values.