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. 2017 Oct 25;19(8):1525–1549. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnx108

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Major areas of the ascending pain system and locations of plasticity. The diagram shows the basic anatomy of the ascending pain pathway with examples of locations where plasticity can occur, driving persistent pain. For instance, inflammation or injury to nociceptors can cause changes in the excitability and/or phenotype of these cells, causing them to fire action potentials to low-threshold stimuli and/or in the absence of any apparent stimulus (ectopic activity).