Table 5.
Prevalence of CRT and comparator abuse by various oral methods of administration among oral abusers of the product category
| Weighted Abuse Prevalence* | Prevalence 95% CI | Relative Risk | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abuse by any alternative oral method requiring tampering | |||||
| CRT | 41.51 | 40.20–42.83 | Reference | ||
| Comparators | Non-CRT versions† | 33.72 | 32.92–34.52 | 0.81‡ | <0.0001 |
| Non-CRT oxycodone ER | 33.91 | 33.11–34.73 | 0.82 | <0.0001 | |
| Morphine ER | 35.33 | 33.01–37.71 | 0.85 | <0.0001 | |
| Non-CRT oxymorphone ER | 31.79 | 26.60–37.47 | 0.77 | 0.0027 | |
| Oxycodone IR SE | 36.10 | 34.51–37.72 | 0.87 | <0.0001 | |
| Abuse by swallowing whole (no tampering) | |||||
| CRT | 77.39 | 76.25–78.48 | Reference | ||
| Comparators | Non-CRT versions | 89.62 | 89.10–90.12 | 1.16 | <0.0001 |
| Non-CRT oxycodone ER | 89.64 | 89.11–90.14 | 1.16 | <0.0001 | |
| Morphine ER | 82.69 | 80.74–84.49 | 1.07 | <0.0001 | |
| Non-CRT oxymorphone ER | 88.01 | 83.76–91.27 | 1.14 | <0.0001 | |
| Oxycodone IR SE | 87.43 | 86.31–88.47 | 1.13 | <0.0001 | |
| Abuse by chewing | |||||
| CRT | 35.48 | 34.22–36.77 | Reference | ||
| Comparators | Non-CRT versions | 30.12 | 29-35–30.91 | 0.85 | <0.0001 |
| Non-CRT oxycodone ER | 30.34 | 29-56–31.14 | 0.86 | <0.0001 | |
| Morphine ER | 31.26 | 29.05–33.57 | 0.88 | 0.0004 | |
| Non-CRT oxymorphone ER | 26.07 | 21.26–31.53 | 0.73 | 0.0026 | |
| Oxycodone IR SE | 31.57 | 30.04–33.14 | 0.89 | 0.0002 | |
| Abuse by dissolving in the mouth (sucking) | |||||
| CRT | 12.39 | 11.53–13.29 | Reference | ||
| Comparators | Non-CRT versions | 10.51 | 9.98–11.07 | 0.85 | 0.0003 |
| Non-CRT oxycodone ER | 10.61 | 10.07–11.18 | 0.86 | 0.0006 | |
| Morphine ER | 7.90 | 6.11–9.51 | 0.64 | 0.0001 | |
| Non-CRT oxymorphone ER | 8.93 | 6.11–12.88 | 0.72 | 0.0920 | |
| Oxycodone IR SE | 12.14 | 11.09–13.27 | 0.98 | 0.7282 | |
| Abuse by dissolving in liquid and drinking | |||||
| CRT | 4.30 | 3.79–4.87 | Reference | ||
| Comparators | Non-CRT versions | 5.26 | 4.87–5.67 | 1.22 | 0.0066 |
| Non-CRT oxycodone ER | 5.31 | 4.92–5.74 | 1.23 | 0.0047 | |
| Morphine ER | 4.99 | 3.93–6.30 | 1.16 | 0.2751 | |
| Non-CRT oxymorphone ER | 4.29 | 2.45–7.39 | 1.00 | 0.9933 | |
| Oxycodone IR SE | 4.99 | 4.32–5.77 | 1.16 | 0.1256 | |
CI = confidence interval; CRT = crush-resistant tablet formulations.
*
The denominator is the number of abusers of the product by oral route only; the prevalence estimate is the cases per 100 oral abusers of the product category.
†
See Table 1 for specific products within each category.
‡
Relative risk values below 1 indicate that the comparator estimate is smaller than the reference. Relative risk values greater than 1 imply that the comparator estimate is greater than the reference.