PC synthesis pathways in plants (black arrows), yeast, and mammals (gray arrows). Cho, Choline; CDP, cytidine diphosphate; DM, dimethyl; EA, ethanolamine; GlyBet, Gly betaine; MM, monomethyl; P, phospho; PEAMT, phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase; PEMT, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase; PLMT, phospholipid N-methyltransferase; Ptd, phosphatidyl.