VIGS-OHP2 plants show a high-chlorophyll-fluorescence phenotype. A, Room-temperature chlorophyll fluorescence analysis (PAM). Pulses were set to 6,000 µmol photons m−2 s−1, and Kautsky induction (i.e. actinic light) was performed at a flux of 100 µmol photons m−2 s−1. Curves represent mean values from four biological replicates. B, Low-temperature chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. The chlorophyll concentration was adjusted to 5 µg mL−1 to prevent reabsorption of the emitted light, and fluorescence was recorded at 77K in liquid nitrogen. a.u., arbitrary units.