Table 2.
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Adipokines Stratified by Sleep Duration and Age.
| 6–12 years old | 13–18 years old | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤8 h/d | 9–10 h/d | ≥10 h/d | p | ≤7 h/d | 8–9 h/d | ≥9 h/d | p | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.4 (4.6)a | 20.7 (4.3)a | 19.6 (4.5)b | <.001 | 23.8 (5.0)a | 23.3 (4.9)a | 22.8 (5.0)b | .011 |
| WC (cm) | 70.6 (12.2)a | 68.5 (11.9)a | 65.4 (12.0)b | <.001 | 77.5 (12.6)a | 76.5 (12.5)a | 75.2 (13.1)b | .018 |
| FAT% | 23.7 (8.2)a | 23.7 (8.1)a | 21.0 (8.1)b | <.001 | 26.9 (8.6)a | 26.1 (8.3)a | 25.3 (8.9)b | .009 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.1 (0.5)a | 5.1 (0.5)a | 4.9 (0.5)b | <.001 | 5.1 (0.5) | 5.1 (0.5) | 5.1 (0.6) | .169 |
| ln insulin (mU/L) | 2.0 (0.7)a | 1.9 (0.8)a | 1.7 (0.8)b | <.001 | 2.2 (0.6) | 2.3 (0.7) | 2.3 (0.7) | .417 |
| ln HOMA-IR | 0.5 (0.8)a | 0.4 (0.8)a | 0.2 (0.8)b | <.001 | 0.8 (0.7) | 0.8 (0.7) | 0.8 (0.7) | .331 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.17 (1.0) | 4.22 (0.8) | 4.13 (0.7) | .195 | 4.10 (0.8) | 4.00 (0.8) | 3.99 (0.9) | .057 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.04 (0.6)a | 1.03 (0.5)a | 0.95 (0.5)b | .020 | 1.09 (0.6) | 1.03 (0.5) | 1.06 (0.5) | .232 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.43 (0.3)a | 1.45 (0.3)ab | 1.50 (0.3)b | .008 | 1.33 (0.3) | 1.35 (0.3) | 1.35 (0.3) | .542 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.57 (0.9)a | 2.67 (0.8)b | 2.53 (0.6)a | .014 | 2.58 (0.8) | 2.49 (0.7) | 2.49 (0.8) | .064 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 104 (12)a | 104 (12)a | 102 (13)b | .014 | 113 (13) | 112 (14) | 111 (13) | .316 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 65 (9)a | 66 (10)b | 65 (10)a | .005 | 71 (9) | 70 (9) | 70 (10) | .341 |
| ln leptin (ng/mL) | 1.78 (1.33)a | 1.62 (1.41)a | 1.17 (1.40)b | <.001 | 1.76 (1.16) | 1.74 (1.23) | 1.74 (1.23) | .914 |
| ln total-adiponectin (µg/mL) | 1.77 (0.54) | 1.81 (0.57) | 1.86 (0.63) | .087 | 1.55 (0.57) | 1.56 (0.59) | 1.57 (0.59) | .843 |
| ln HMW-adiponectin (µg/mL) | 1.00 (0.54)a | 1.12 (0.54)a | 1.19 (0.54)b | <.001 | 1.07 (0.57) | 1.10 (0.59) | 1.00 (0.64) | .053 |
| ln resistin (ng/mL) | 2.77 (0.56) | 2.76 (0.55) | 2.77 (0.56) | .957 | 2.70 (0.52) | 2.70 (0.49) | 2.68 (0.50) | .822 |
| ln FGF21 (pg/mL) | 6.37 (1.23)a | 6.52 (1.22)a | 6.61 (1.33)b | .024 | 6.37 (1.34) | 6.37 (1.33) | 6.34 (1.29) | .903 |
| ln RBP4 (µg/mL) | 3.41 (0.34) | 3.41 (0.34) | 3.38 (0.35) | .258 | 3.60 (0.33)a | 3.56 (0.33)a | 3.50 (0.32)b | <.001 |
| ln SPARC (µg/mL) | 0.10 (0.46) | 0.13 (0.48) | 0.13 (0.49) | .590 | 0.01 (0.56) | −0.01 (0.54) | −0.01 (0.50) | .817 |
BMI = body mass index; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; FAT% = fat mass percentage; FBG = fasting blood-glucose; FGF21 = fibroblast growth factor 21; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HMW-adiponectin = high molecular weight adiponectin; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; RBP4 = retinol binding protein 4; SBP = systolic blood pressure; SPARC = secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich; TC = total cholesterol; TG = triglyceride; WC = waist circumference.
Data are expressed as the mean (SD).
a and b mean the significant difference between the two group after pairwise comparison (all p < .017 in Bonferroni post-hoc test).
Values in bold are significant at P < .05.