Figure 2.

Pathway analysis of Peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) transcriptome in monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs with discordant sleep duration. A graphical summary of significantly enriched gene sets is shown based on gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of 1315 curated pathways. Gene sets were deemed enriched if significant subsets of their members (“leading edge”) were either up or down-regulated in short sleep relative to long sleep twins (FDR < 0.05). Hierarchical clustering of enriched gene sets based on their membership profile revealed larger groupings of functionally similar pathways with shared genes known as “modules.” Note that several of the down-regulated modules in short sleep map to immune and inflammatory processes. Complete list is available in Supplementary Table S2.