Table 1. Parameters for the Model (1).

Parameter	Description	Unit
Sh(t)	The number of susceptible humans at time t	Number
Eh(t)	The number of exposed humans at time t	Number
Ih(t)	The number of infectious humans at time t	Number
Rh(t)	The number of recovered humans at time t	Number
Sv(t)	The number of susceptible mosquitoes at time t	Number
Ev(t)	The number of exposed mosquitoes at time t	Number
Iv(t)	The number of infectious mosquitoes at time t	Number
H0	The steady-state human population	Number
b(t)	The total number of bites per day	Bites Day−1
biv(t)	The average number of bites per day for an infectious mosquito	Bites Day−1
bih(t)	The total number of bites per day for an infected human	Bites Day−1
Rhv(t)	The effective reproduction number for transmission from mosquitoes to humans	Dimensionless
Rvh(t)	The effective reproduction number for transmission from humans to mosquitoes	Dimensionless
ψv	Per capita birth rate of mosquitoes	Number Day−1
σv	Average number of times one mosquito bites a human per day	Bites Day−1
σh	The maximum number of mosquito bites a human tolerates per unit time	Bites Day−1
βhv	Probability of pathogen transmission from an infectious mosquito to a susceptible human per bite	Dimensionless
βvh	Probability of pathogen transmission from an infectious human to a susceptible mosquito per bite	Dimensionless
νh	Average incubation rate for humans	Day−1
νv	Average incubation rate for mosquitoes	Day−1
γh	Per capita recovery rate for humans from the infectious state to the recovered state	Day−1
μh	Per capita recruitment / death / emigration rate for humans	Day−1
μv	Death rate for mosquitoes	Day−1
Kv	Mosquito carrying capacity and steady-state	Number
ϕψ	Factor for decreased birth rate: ${\psi }_v={\varphi }_{\psi }{\tilde{\psi }}_v$	Dimensionless
ϕμ	Factor for increased death rate: ${\mu }_v={\varphi }_{\mu }{\tilde{\mu }}_v$	Dimensionless
ϕb	Factor for decreased biting rate: ${\sigma }_v={\varphi }_b{\tilde{\sigma }}_v$	Dimensionless
ϕβ	Factor for decreased transmissibility: ${\beta }_{hv}={\varphi }_{\beta }{\tilde{\beta }}_{hv}$	Dimensionless