. 2018 Mar 23;27(4):1093–1102. doi: 10.1007/s10068-018-0350-0

Table 4.

Soluble polyphenols, hydrolysable polyphenols, total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity from Muicle leaves extracts using the optimal condition of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), stirring and thermal decoction

Parameter	UAE³	Stirring⁴	Thermal decoction⁵
Total soluble polyphenols¹	37.50 ± 0.39^a	32.25 ± 0.28^c	34.41 ± 0.53^b
Hydrolysable polyphenols¹	16.51 ± 0.35^a	14.21 ± 0.18^b	13.35 ± 0.45^c
Total polyphenols¹	54.01 ± 0.17^a	46.46 ± 0.46^c	47.76 ± 0.45^b
ABTS²	294.69 ± 1.01^b	292.13 ± 1.43^b	495.16 ± 0.90^a
DPPH²	43.00 ± 0.96^a	43.86 ± 0.37^a	132.32 ± 0.58^b
FRAP²	120.35 ± 1.45^c	135.86 ± 2.60^b	239.05 ± 2.73^a

All values are mean ± SD of three determinations. Different letters in each file indicate significant statistical differences between treatments (α = 0.01)

¹Gallic acid equivalent, GAE mg/g dry basis

²Trolox equivalent, Trolox mmoL/g extract dry basis

³UAE: 0.7 s for X_PC, 55% for X_SA and 2 min for X_ET

⁴Stirring: 2 h using a magnetic stirrer at room temperature

⁵Thermal decoction: 60 °C for 5 min