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. 2018 Aug 9;8:11947. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29853-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Stability regions of different silica surface reconstructions plotted as a function of stoichiometry deviation Δn (left) and of oxygen chemical potential Δμ_o (right). (a,b) α-cristobalite (001); (c,d) α-quartz (001); (e,f) stishovite (110); (g,h) stishovite (001). In all of these cases, each surface has only one stable structure in the entire range of allowed chemical potentials.