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. 2018 Aug 9;9:3172. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05668-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Spatial patterns of rainfall and corresponding canopy structure changes in each climatic region. a Drought classification map derived from rainfall data⁸². b Interannual changes of top canopy structure (RH90) relative to RH90 in 2004 for each climatic region defined in panel a. The abbreviations ED, SD, MD, LD, and ND are regions of extreme drought, severe drought, moderate drought, light drought, and no drought. The purple line in panel a delineates the boundary of Amazon basin area. Non-tropical forests in panel a were colored in gray. The error bars in panel b stand for 95% confidence intervals. Estimations in panel b were derived from the spatial modeling with filled data gaps (SMF) method (see Methods)