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. 2018 Aug 9;8:11938. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30397-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Oral bacterial phyla in infants delivered by cesarean section compared to those born by vaginal delivery. CS stands for C-section and Vd stands for vaginal delivery. (A) Relative abundance of bacteria analyzed by LEfSe software. (B) Significant difference in bacterial phyla between the vaginal delivery group and the C-section group. P values for the comparison across the two groups are placed above the boxes plot.