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. 2018 Aug 3;11:272. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00272

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Copyright © 2018 Krasovska and Doering.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Secreted IL-6 expression post a 6-h treatment is significantly altered following TLR4 activation. (A) Cell associated astrocyte expression of IL-6 in WT (n = 6/group) and FMR1 KO (n = 6/group) astrocyte cell cultures grown for 7 days in vitro. The culture was treated with LPS (10 μg/mL), exogenous TNC (10 μg/mL) and LPS-RS (10 μg/mL) for 6 h prior to collection. Representative bands were normalized to the total protein and expressed as a percentage of the average IL-6 in the WT group. (B) Extracellular astrocyte expression of secreted IL-6 in WT (n = 6/group) and FMR1 KO (n = 6/group) astrocyte cell cultures grown for 7 days in vitro. The culture was treated with LPS (10 μg/mL), exogenous TNC (10 μg/mL) and LPS-RS (10 μg/mL) for 6 h prior to ACM concentration and collection. Representative bands were normalized to the total protein and expressed as a percentage of the average IL-6 in the WT group. Statistical differences denoted with a single asterisk, P < 0.05, a double asterisk, P < 0.01 and with triple asterisk, P < 0.001. (C) Cultured cortical astrocytes co-labeled with DAPI (blue) and anti-IL-6 (red) after 3 days in vitro, following a 6 h treatment. Images were obtained using a 40× objective with a Zeiss Axioimager M2. Scale bars = 50 μm.