Table 2.
The clinical parameters in patients with heart failure, and the differences in the clinical parameters with or without cardiovascular events.
| Clinical factors | Without (n = 114) | With (n = 99) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, (years) | 72 (60–79) | 70 (60–79) |
| Gender, male/female | 71/43 | 64/35 |
| NYHA class (II/III/IV) at admission | 34/55/25 | 13/53/33 |
| Heart rate at admission (beats/min) | 86 (69–102) | 75 (69–87) |
| Leg edema | 65 (57) | 71 (62) |
| Etiology of HF | ||
| Cardiomyopathy | 34 (30) | 42 (37) |
| Hypertensive heart disease | 23 (20) | 6 (5) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 12 (11) | 14 (12) |
| Valvular heart disease | 23 (20) | 24 (21) |
| Others | 22 (19) | 13 (11) |
| Comorbidity | ||
| Hypertension | 64 (56) | 44 (39) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 40 (35) | 33 (29) |
| Chronic Af | 50 (44) | 54 (47) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 7 (6) | 7 (6) |
| Obstructive pulmonary disease | 5 (4) | 1 (1) |
| CRT | 8 (7) | 16 (14) |
| ICD | 11 (10) | 20 (18) |
| Pacemaker | 18 (16) | 13 (11) |
| Number of family members in the same household | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1) |
| Albumin at admission, (g/dl) | 3.8 (3.5–4.1) | 3.8 (3.5–4.1) |
| CRP at admission, (mg/dl) | 0.4 (0.1–1.2) | 0.4 (0.15–1.05) |
| WBC at admission, (/μl) | 5300 (4100–6369) | 5100 (4200–6700) |
| AST at discharge, (U/l) | 20 (18–28) | 25 (20−32) |
| BUN at discharge, (mg/dl) | 22 (18–28) | 27 (20.5–44) |
| Uric acid at discharge, (mg/dl) | 6.4 (5.3–7.6) | 6.8 (5.3–8.1) |
| CRP at discharge, (mg/dl) | 0.1 (0.1–0.4) | 0.2 (0.1–0.7) |
| BNP at discharge, (pg/ml) | 196 (117–407) | 294 (165–534) |
| %FS at admission | 18.8 (10.1–29.1) | 17.2 (9.7–32.1) |
| LVDd at admission | 58 (49–65) | 58 (48–67) |
| LVDs at admission, (mm) | 47 (34–57) | 47 (32–58) |
| %FS at discharge, (%) | 21.8 (10.5–31.5) | 19 (10−32) |
| LVDd at discharge | 57 (49–63) | 59 (48–68) |
| LVDs at discharge | 45 (33–54) | 47 (32–60) |
| IVST at discharge, (mm) | 10 (8–11) | 10 (8–11) |
| AR grade (≥II) at discharge | 13 (11) | 13 (11) |
| MR grade (≥II) at discharge | 45 (39) | 48 (42) |
| TR grade (≥II) at discharge | 24 (21) | 35 (31) |
| Oral medications at discharge | ||
| ACE inhibitor | 66 (58) | 45 (39) |
| Anti-allergic | 3 (3) | 5 (4) |
| Anti-inflammatory drug | 25 (22) | 23 (20) |
| Antiplatelet | 17 (15) | 10 (9) |
| Antithyroid drug | 1 (1) | 2 (2) |
| Beta-blockers | 88 (77) | 73 (64) |
| Broncodilator | 0 (0) | 2 (2) |
| Choleretic drug | 4 (4) | 7 (6) |
| Digitalis | 16 (14) | 26 (23) |
| Diuretics | 89 (78) | 92 (81) |
| Inotropic agent | 4 (4) | 32 (28) |
| Intestinal disease drug | 5 (4) | 14 (12) |
| Lipid-lowering drug | 44 (39) | 35 (31) |
| Proton pump inhibitor | 62 (54) | 57 (50) |
| Purgative | 28 (25) | 35 (31) |
| Sedative-hypnotic (benzodiazepin) | 6 (5) | 6 (5) |
| Vitamins | 3 | 4 (4) |
Data are given as the Median (interquartile range) or n (%). ACE inhibitor, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ADHF, acute decompensated heart failure; Af, atrial fibrillation; AR, aortic regurgitation; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; BUN, Blood urea nitrogen; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; CRP, C-reactive protein; FS, fractional shortening; ICD, Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator; VST, interventricular septum thickness; LVDs, Left ventricular end-systolic dimension MR, mitral regurgitation; NYHA, New York Heart Association; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.