Cytokine production by unfractionated granuloma cells. Pooled granuloma cells from each group were incubated in the presence of 20 μg/ml of SEA. Cytokines in 36-h culture supernatants were measured by ELISA, and levels were expressed as means of triplicate determinations ± SD. IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, and IL-12 levels are significantly higher, whereas IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 levels were significantly lower, in SEA/CFA-immunized mice than in all BL/6 controls (both P < 0.01). In all figures, background levels from unstimulated cultures were subtracted and results were representative of three independent experiments. ND, not done.