Figure 5.

Inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptotic cell death by the fungal extract. (A) Inhibition of cell growth by the TPEE on various cancer cell lines. Cells were treated with indicated concentrations of the extract for 48 h and the inhibitory effects of the extract on cell growth was determined by assessing the cell viability using MTT assay. (B) Fungal extract induced cell death in HeLa cells. Hela cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of TPEE for 48 h, stained with PI and subjected to flow cytometry analysis to evaluate live and dead population. (C) Induction of apoptotic nuclear morphology by TPEE. HeLa cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of the extract and stained with AO/PI dual staining. V, viable cells; CC, chromatin condensation; BL, membrane blebbing; LA, late apoptotic cells. (D) Induction of loss of mitochondrial membrane potential by the extract. Cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of TPEE for 48 h and subsequently analyzed for change in mitochondrial membrane potential by JC-1 using flow cytometry. 4-DNP treated cells served as positive control. (E) Induction of ROS potential by TPEE. Cells were treated with indicated concentrations of the extract for 24 h and stained with DCFH-DA and intracellular ROS was monitored by flow cytometry. Values are the means ± SD of three replicates. Means sharing different alphabets “a,” “b” differ significantly from each other at p ≤ 0.05.