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MTX induces alterations in intestinal cytokines. (a-d) Real-time PCR analyses of expression of cytokines (a) IFN-γ, (B) IL-1β, (c) TNF-α, and (d) IL-6 in the mouse jejunum after treatment with or without MTX (n = 3/group). (e-h) Expression levels of cytokines (e) IFN-γ, (f) IL-1β, (g) TNF-α, and (h) IL-6 in the mouse colon (n = 3/group). Shown are the means ± SEM; *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus PBS treatment (normal).
