Table 3.
Psychological Comorbidity of TMD patients (TMD all and according to their painDETECT scores (≤ 12, n = 12; 13–18, n = 3; ≥ 19, n = 4))
| Psychological comorbidity | Healthy subjects | TMD | TMD - painDETECT | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 38) | all (n = 19) | p-value | ≤ 12 (n = 12) | p-value | 13–18 (n = 3) | p-value | ≥ 19 (n = 4) | p-value | ||
| anxiety (HADS-D) | mean ± SD | 5.0 ± 3 | 7.3 ± 5 | 0.082 | 7.1 ± 4.5 | 0.102 | 5.3 ± 3.1 | 0.865 | 9.3 ± 7.0 | 0.034* |
| < 8 | n = 32 | n = 12 | n = 8 | n = 2 | n = 2 | |||||
| 8–10 | n = 4 | n = 0 | n = 0 | n = 0 | n = 0 | |||||
| > 10 | n = 2 | n = 6 | n = 3 | n = 1 | n = 2 | |||||
| depression (HADS-D) | mean ± SD | 2.2 ± 2.5 | 6.4 ± 4.3 | 0.001** | 6.6 ± 5.1 | 0.000*** | 5.3 ± 3.1 | 0.105 | 7.0 ± 3.2 | 0.006** |
| < 8 | n = 37 | n = 10 | n = 6 | n = 2 | n = 2 | |||||
| 8–10 | n = 1 | n = 5 | n = 2 | n = 1 | n = 2 | |||||
| > 10 | n = 0 | n = 3 | n = 3 | n = 0 | n = 0 | |||||
| diverting attention (CSQ1) | mean ± SD | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 0.3 | 0.335 | 3.3 ± 1.4 | 0.423 | 3.4 ± 2 | 0.592 | 3.3 ± 1.6 | 0.634 |
| reinterpreting pain sensation (CSQ2) | mean ± SD | 2.2 ± 1 | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 0.584 | 2.2 ± 1.1 | 0.983 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 0.499 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.434 |
| coping self-statement (CSQ3) | mean ± SD | 3.7 ± 1.1 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 0.157 | 4.2 ± 2 | 0.306 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 0.932 | 4.9 ± 0.8 | 0.108 |
| ignoring sensation (CSQ4) | mean ± SD | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 3.3 ± 0.3 | 0.960 | 3.5 ± 1.8 | 0.783 | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 0.229 | 3.8 ± 1 | 0.497 |
| praying and hoping (CSQ5) | mean ± SD | 2.6 ± 1.3 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 0.314 | 2.5 ± 1.4 | 0.872 | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 0.481 | 4.1 ± 0.9 | 0.030* |
| catastrophizing (CSQ6) | mean ± SD | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 0.022* | 3.6 ± 2.1 | 0.006** | 3.2 ± 2.1 | 0.193 | 2.6 ± 1.8 | 0.503 |
| increased behaviour activities (CSQ7) | mean ± SD | 3.5 ± 1.5 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 0.080 | 4.1 ± 1.5 | 0.328 | 5.4 ± 0.8 | 0.044* | 4.3 ± 1.6 | 0.320 |
| pain behaviour (CSQ8) | mean ± SD | 4.0 ± 1 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 0.473 | 3.2 ± 1.2 | 0.055 | 5.1 ± 1.5 | 0.089 | 4.0 ± 0.6 | 0.967 |
HADS-D Hospital anxiety and depression scale, anxiety in mean value ± SD or divided in subgroups concerning their severity (< 8, 8–10, > 10), depression in mean value ± SD CSQ = Coping strategies in mean value ± SD; p-value for TMD all as results of unpaired t-test as related to healthy subjects considering the Levene’s test for equality of variances; p-value according to the painDETECT scores as results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) with LSD post hoc correction of multiple comparison (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001)