Table 2.
Patient, fracture and procedural characteristics in 190 patients with a proximal humeral fracture
| No calcar screws (n = 93) | Calcar screws (n = 97) | Mean difference or relative risk (95% CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 65 (15) | 69 (13) | 4.7 (0.7–8.7) | 0.02 b |
| median (IQR) | 68 (17) | 70 (20) | – | 0.06 c |
| Women | 64 (69) | 68 (70) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.8 d |
| Smokers | 21 (23) | 27 (28) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.4 d |
| Diabetes | 13 (14) | 8 (8) | 1.7 (0.7–3.9) | 0.2 d |
| Non-compliance | 9 (10) | 7 (7) | 1.3 (0.5–3.5) | 0.5 d |
| ASA III or IV | 31 (33) | 23 (24) | 1.4 (0.9–2.2) | 0.1 d |
| 3 or 4 part fracture type | 68 (73) | 74 (76) | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | 0.6 d |
| Fracture dislocation | 7 (8) | 6 (6) | 1.2 (0.4–3.5) | 0.7 d |
| Preoperative varus < 105° | 22 (24) | 21 (22) | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | 0.7 d |
| Preoperative valgus > 180° | 16 (17) | 19 (20) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0.7 d |
| Medial comminution | 54 (58) | 75 (77) | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) | 0.006 d |
| Surgical approach: deltoid split | 69 (74) | 40 (41) | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) | < 0.001 d |
| Residual varus malalignment < 120° a | 6 (7) | 5 (5) | 1.3 (0.4–4.0) | 0.7 d |
Percentages in parenthesis unless stated otherwise
CI confidence interval, SD standard deviation, IQR Interquartile range, ASA American Society of Anaesthesiologists
an = 88 and 93, bIndependent two-sample t test,c Mann–Whitney test, dz statistics