Table 3.
Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis for exposure factors associated with animal-bite in selected counties, Kenya, 2011–2016
| Variable | Young (< 15 years) (2351) n (%) | Adult (15+ years) (n = 4382) n (%) | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biting animal | ||||
| Owned Dog a | 2011 (78) | 3094 (68) | 1.7 (1.5, 1.9) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) |
| Unowned Dog | 403 (16) | 1109 (24) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.7) | NS |
| Cat | 152 (6) | 262 (6) | 1 (0.8, 1.3) | NS |
| Human | 3 (0.1) | 43 (0.9) | 0.1 (0.02, 0,38) | NS |
| Livestock b | 21 (0.8) | 55 (1) | 0.7 (0.43, 1.11) | NS |
| Others c | 2 (0.1) | 10 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.04, 1.66) | NS |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1573 (60) | 2400 (52) | 1.4 (1.3, 1.5) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.7) |
| Female | 1034 (40) | 2193 (48) | Ref | |
| Bite Site | ||||
| Leg/Thigh | 775 (60) | 1173 (74) | 0.5 (0.5, 0.6) | NS |
| Arm | 323 (25) | 344 (22) | 1.2 (1, 1.5) | NS |
| Trunk | 83 (7) | 39 (3) | 2.8 (1.9, 4.1) | NS |
| Head/Face | 67 (5) | 15 (1) | 5.8 (3.3, 10.2) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.6) |
| Buttock/Groin | 36 (3) | 17 (1) | 2.7 (1.5, 4.8) | NS |
| PEP | ||||
| Yes | 1942 (84) | 3629 (90) | 0.6 (0.54, 0.72) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.3) |
| No | 364 (16) | 423 (10) | Ref | |
| PEP Doses | ||||
| ≥ 3 doses | 875 (40) | 1293 (60) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.7) | NS |
| < 3 dose | 1062 (31) | 2333 (69) | Ref | |
| Counties | ||||
| Kilifi | 777 (30) | 1136 (25) | 4.4 (3.7, 5.1) | 5.2 (4.3, 6.3) |
| Kitui | 620 (24) | 549 (12) | 7.2 (6.1, 8.5) | 6.4 (5.3, 7.6) |
| Machakos | 141 (5) | 154 (3) | 5.8 (4.5, 7.6) | 6.1 (5.0, 8.0) |
| Nandi | 788 (30) | 965 (21) | 5.2 (4.5, 6.1) | 5.7 (4.8, 6.8) |
| Kisumu | 281 (11) | 1790 (39) | Ref | |
NS Not significant
aOwned dog refers to dogs that are partly confined and spend part of their time roaming unsupervised outside the owner’s property while unowned dogs refers free roaming dogs without a known owner.
bLivestock includes donkey and pig.
cothers include monkeys, rats, hyena and other wild animals.