Table 2. Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Characteristics of Females and Males in the LIFE Study17,19.
| characteristics | females (n = 501) | males (n = 501) |
|---|---|---|
| age (year)d | 29.99 ± 4.14 | 31.77 ± 4.92 |
| BMI (kg/m2)b,d | ||
| <25 | 230 (46) | 84 (17) |
| ≥25 and <30 | 136 (27) | 206 (41) |
| ≥30 | 135 (27) | 311 (62) |
| non-Hispanic white | 396 (79) | 397 (79) |
| college graduate or higherc | 474 (95) | 457 (91) |
| yearly income $80,000 or over | 297 (59) | 298 (59) |
| regular vigorous exercise in the past 12 months | 200 (40) | 211 (42) |
| smoke at the time of study | ||
| no | 445 (89) | 440 (88) |
| yes (no. of cigarettes on a typical day) | ||
| 1–3 | 19 (4) | 26 (5) |
| 4–6 | 8 (2) | 11 (2) |
| 7–10 | 15 (3) | 8 (2) |
| >10 | 14 (3) | 16 (3) |
| ≥12 alcoholic drinks in the past 12 monthsd | 374 (75) | 428 (85) |
| no. of alcoholic drinks on a typical occasiond | ||
| 0 | 128 (26) | 73 (15) |
| 1 | 108 (22) | 63 (13) |
| 2 | 169 (34) | 150 (30) |
| 3 | 68 (14) | 99 (20) |
| 4 | 19 (4) | 62 (12) |
| 5 | 9 (2) | 54 (11) |
| history of diabetes | 6 (1) | 14 (3) |
| history of high blood pressured | 20 (4) | 52 (10) |
| history of high cholesterold | 41 (8) | 78 (16) |
| serum cotinine (ng/mL)a,d | 0.62 ± 0.23 | 1.24 ± 2.17 |
| serum total lipids (mg/dL)a,d | 2.00 ± 0.03 | 6.56 ± 0.26 |
| urinary creatinine (mg/dL)a,d | 4.22 ± 0.86 | 4.76 ± 0.73 |
a
log+1 transformed values.
b
BMI, body mass index.
c
p < 0.05.
d
p < 0.01. Values in mean ± SD or n (%).