Table 2.

Smoking status and cardiac structure and function assessed by CMR at Visit 3

	Model 1			Model 2
	Never Smoker (n=791)	Former Smoker (n=198)	Current Smoker (N=103)	Never Smoker (n=791)	Former Smoker (n=198)	Current Smoker (n=103)
Variable		β (95%CI)	β (95%CI)		β (95%CI)	β (95%CI)
LVEDVI, ml/m²	Ref.	−22.27 (−4.55, 0.14)	−1.86 (−4.81, 1.08)	Ref.	−2.09 (−4.36, 0.18)	−2.35 (−5.29, 0.60)
LVESVI, ml/²	Ref.	−1.06 (−2.55, 0.43)	0.12 (−1.80, 2.05)	Ref.	−1.02 (−1.92, 1.94)	0.01 (−1.92, 1.94)
SVI, ml/²	Ref.	−1.21 (−2.68, 0.25)	−1.99 (−3.88, 0.10)	Ref.	−1.07 (−2.53, 0.39)	−2.35 (−4.24, −0.47)
LVEF, %	Ref.	0.01 (−1.41, 1.43)	−0.75 (−2.58, 1.08)	Ref.	0.09 (−1.33, 1.51)	−0.82 (−2.66, 1.02)
LVMI, g/m²	Ref.	−2.09 (−4.21, 0.02)	4.97 (2.24, 7.69) ^†	Ref.	−1.73 (−3.69, 0.22)	5.24 (2.71, 7.77) ^†
LV mass / volume	Ref.	0.01 (−0.04, 0.06)	0.10 (0.04, 0.17) ^†	Ref.	0.01 (−0.03, 0.06)	0.12 (0.06, 0.18) ^†
LV Strain#
Total Strain, %	Ref.	0.02 (−0.36, 0.41)	0.56 (0.07, 1.06) ^*	Ref.	0.01 (−0.37, 0.38)	0.74 (0.26, 1.22) ^†
Base Strain, %	Ref.	0.08 (−0.39, 0.55)	0.60 (−0.01, 1.20)	Ref.	0.08 (−0.38, 0.55)	0.71 (0.12, 1.31) ^*
Mid Strain, %	Ref.	−0.13 (−0.63, 0.38)	0.50 (−0.15, 1.15)	Ref.	−0.16 (−0.66, 0.33)	0.71 (0.07, 1.34) ^*
Apex Strain, %	Ref.	0.16 (−0.31, 0.63)	0.61 (0.01, 1.21) ^*	Ref.	0.14 (−0.32, 0.59)	0.82 (0.23, 1.41) ^†
PWV, m/sec	Ref.	0.23 (−0.65, 1.12)	1.42 (0.27, 2.57) ^*	Ref.	0.24 (−0.64, 1.12)	1.25 (0.09, 2.41) ^*

LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction, LVESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume, LVMI: left ventricular mass index, PWV: pulse wave velocity from ascending aorta to descending aorta. #: Strain indicators represent mean peak systolic circumferential strain. Visit 3 smoking status information was used for the analysis. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: further adjusted for systolic blood pressure, anti-hypertensive medication use, body mass index, diabetes, and estimated glomerular filtration rate.

^*:

p<0.05

^†:

p<0.01.