Table 3.
Impact on daily life of participants according to probable chronic stage CHIK infection status
| Characteristics | Chronic stage CHIK status* | Total (N = 509) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Remission (N = 309) | Symptomatic (N = 200) | ||
| Resumption of daily activities n (%) | |||
| Impossible | – | 3 (1.5) | 3 (0.6) |
| Hard | 14 (4.5) | 108 (54.3) | 122 (24.0) |
| Without difficulty | 294 (95.1) | 88 (44.2) | 382 (75.2) |
| Not applicable | 1 (0.3) | – | 1 (0.2) |
| Resumption of school/work n (%) | |||
| Impossible | – | 2 (1.0) | 2 (0.4) |
| Hard | 23 (7.4) | 70 (35.2) | 93 (18.3) |
| Without difficulty | 223 (72.2) | 36 (18.1) | 259 (51.0) |
| Not applicable | 63 (20.4) | 91 (45.7) | 154 (30.3) |
| Resumption of sports activities, n (%) | |||
| Impossible | – | 7 (3.5) | 7 (1.4) |
| Hard | 21 (6.8) | 70 (35.2) | 92 (18.0) |
| Without difficulty | 228 (74.0) | 25 (12.6) | 253 (49.9) |
| Not applicable | 59 (19.2) | 97 (48.7) | 156 (30.8) |
| Restricted social activity due to CHIK (%) | 5 (1.6) | 107 (53.8) | 112 (22.1) |
| QoL mobility, n (%)† | |||
| No problem in walking | 300 (97.1) | 138 (69.4) | 439 (86.2) |
| Some problem in walking | 6 (1.9) | 54 (27.1) | 60 (11.8) |
| Confined to bed | 3 (1.0) | 7 (3.5) | 10 (2.0) |
| QoL self-care, n (%)† | |||
| No problem | 304 (98.4) | 161 (80.4) | 465 (91.3) |
| Some problem | 2 (0.6) | 26 (13.1) | 28 (5.5) |
| Inability | 3 (1.0) | 13 (6.5) | 16 (3.2) |
| QoL daily activities, n (%)† | |||
| No problem | 302 (98.1) | 133 (66.8) | 435 (85.8) |
| Some problem | 3 (1.0) | 56 (28.1) | 59 (11.6) |
| Inability | 3 (1.0) | 10 (5.0) | 13 (2.6) |
| QoL pain/discomfort, n (%)† | |||
| None | 299 (96.8) | 17 (8.5) | 316 (62.2) |
| Moderate | 10 (3.2) | 176 (88.4) | 186 (36.6) |
| Extreme | – | 6 (3.0) | 6 (1.2) |
| QoL anxiety/depression, n (%)† | |||
| None | 300 (97.1) | 99 (49.8) | 399 (78.5) |
| Moderate | 9 (2.9) | 96 (48.2) | 105 (20.7) |
| Extreme | – | 4 (2.0) | 4 (0.8) |
| QoL score, median (Q1–Q3)† | 90 (90–100) | 71 (60–80) | 83 (75–95) |
November 2014 to February 2015, Martinique (N = 509). CHIK = chikungunya; QoL = quality of life; Q1 = first quartile; Q3 = third quartile.
Presence of different signs was evaluated 3 months or more after clinical diagnosis of probable CHIK infection by phone interviews. Persistence of signs allowed the categorization of participants into two groups: 1) remission group and 2) symptomatic group. Differences between the two groups were all statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Items from the French version of the standardized EQ-5D questionnaire, measuring health outcome in terms of impact on QoL. The QoL score ranges from 0 to 100, with a score of 0 denoting the worst state in terms of health outcome and a score of 100 denoting the best state [34–35].