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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 15.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2017 Nov 20;83(10):895–907. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.11.019

Figure 1. Schema illustrating the several animal models of PTSD.

Figure 1

Inescapable shocks (A), predator stress (unprotected and protected exposure, and predator scent) (B), single prolonged stress (SPS) (C), immobilization or restraint stress (D), unpredictable variable stress (UVS) (E), and social defeat (F) models are described. Figure created on the Mind the Graph platform www.mindthegraph.com.