Table 4.
Associations between mode of detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus and death, incident CVD events, renal disease or retinopathy, VIP 1992–2013
| Variable | All-cause mortality, HR (95% CI) | CVD events, HR (95% CI) | Renal disease, HR (95% CI) | Retinopathy, HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confirmed screen-detected diabetes | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Unconfirmed screen-positive individuals | 1.35 (1.01, 1.79) | 0.77 (0.60, 0.98) | 0.41 (0.25, 0.69) | 0.08 (0.04, 0.16) |
| Incident clinically detected diabetes | 2.07 (1.63, 2.62) | 1.55 (1.29, 1.86) | 2.26 (1.64, 3.13) | 1.66 (1.30, 2.13) |
| Screening participants | 1.70 (1.32, 2.18) | 1.25 (1.03, 1.52) | 1.89 (1.34, 2.66) | 1.38 (1.06, 1.80) |
| Previous diabetes-indicative OGTT > 1 year before detection | 1.61 (1.18, 2.20) | 1.11 (0.86, 1.43) | 1.58 (1.02, 2.45) | 1.73 (1.24, 2.42) |
| Previous non-diabetic hyperglycaemia | 1.59 (1.21, 2.09) | 1.18 (0.95, 1.46) | 1.76 (1.21, 2.56) | 1.19 (0.87, 1.61) |
| Previous normoglycaemia | 2.05 (1.56, 2.70) | 1.47 (1.19, 1.83) | 2.20 (1.51, 3.20) | 1.35 (0.98, 1.85) |
| Screening non-participants | 2.31 (1.82, 2.94) | 1.77 (1.47, 2.13) | 2.54 (1.82, 3.53) | 1.85 (1.44, 2.38) |
HRs adjusted for calendar time in time scale and the covariates age at diabetes detection, calendar year of diabetes detection, sex and SES reported in the 1990 census
SESs imputed for n = 1561 individuals who had missing information
Unconfirmed screen-positive individuals had only a diabetic screening result, whereas confirmed screen-detected individuals had a diabetic screening result and a medical or prescription record of diabetes within 1 year. Those with clinically detected diabetes were identified in five sources of medical and prescription records, unrelated to screening
Ref, reference population