Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Variable | HFpEF (n=100) | HC (n=61) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.5 ± 5.2 | 69.3 ± 7.4 | 0.011 |
| Women | 81 (81) | 38 (62) | 0.010 |
| White | 55 (55) | 58 (95) | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 105.5 ± 17.9 | 74.5 ± 16.4 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 39.3 ± 6.1 | 25.9 ± 4.9 | <0.001 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| NYHA class | |||
| II | 60 (60) | -- | -- |
| III | 40 (40) | -- | -- |
| Ejection Fraction (%) | 61.1 ± 6.0 | 59.0 ± 4.8 | 0.030 |
| LV mass (g) | 214 ± 60 | 129 ± 35 | <0.001 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) * | 102 ± 25 | 70 ± 14 | <0.001 |
| Relative wall thickness | 0.57 ± 0.12 | 0.38 ± 0.05 | <0.001 |
| Left atrial diameter (cm) | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 3.4 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic Filling Pattern † | |||
| Normal | 2 (2) | 48 (80) | |
| Impaired relaxation | 87 (87) | 12 (20) | |
| Pseudonormal | 9 (9) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Restrictive | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Indeterminate | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| e′ (cm/s) | 6.2 ± 1.5 | 7.9 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
| E/e′ ratio | 13.1 ± 3.7 | 9.3 ± 2.2 | <0.001 |
| History of atrial fibrillation | 3 (3%) | -- | -- |
| History of established CAD | 11 (11%) | -- | -- |
| History of hypertension | 95 (95) | -- | -- |
| History of diabetes mellitus | 35 (35) | -- | -- |
| Blood Pressure (mmHg) | |||
| Systolic | 135 ± 14 | 123 ± 11 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic | 78 ± 8 | 75 ± 7 | 0.018 |
| Medications | |||
| Diuretics | 76 (76) | -- | -- |
| ARBs | 35 (35) | -- | -- |
| ACE inhibitors | 37 (37) | -- | -- |
| Beta blockers | 40 (40) | -- | -- |
| Ca2+ channel blockers | 35 (35) | -- | -- |
| Nitrates | 9 (9) | -- | -- |
Values are mean ± SD, or n (%);
*
LV mass indexed to body surface area.
Diastolic filling pattern determined according to American Society of Echocardiography criteria; Abbreviations: NYHA, New York Heart Association; LV, left ventricle; e′, early mitral annulus velocity (septal); E, E-wave velocity; CAD, coronary artery disease; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme.