Table 4. Association of explicit racial/ethnic bias measures with participant characteristics.
| Ethnic Preferencea | Warmth differenceb | Compliance mean paired differenceb | Competence mean paired differenceb | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Unadjusted mean | Adjusted difference | n | Unadjusted mean | Adjusted difference | Unadjusted mean | Adjusted difference | Unadjusted mean | Adjusted difference | |
| Factor | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | ||
| Agec | ||||||||||
| 21–23 | 125 | 4.26 (4.13, 4.38) | Reference | 125 | 0.12 (-0.05, 0.29) | Reference | 0.25 (0.16, 0.35) | Reference | 0.41 (0.32, 0.50) | Reference |
| 24–26 | 85 | 4.24 (4.11, 4.36) | -0.09 (-0.29, 0.12) | 85 | 0.33 (0.15, 0.51) | 0.16 (-0.13, 0.46) | 0.37 (0.24, 0.50) | 0.08 (-0.10, 0.26) | 0.33 (0.23, 0.44) | -0.12 (-0.28, 0.04) |
| 27+ | 20 | 3.95 (3.66, 4.24) | -0.26 (-0.64, 0.11) | 20 | -0.05 (-0.41, 0.31) | -0.12 (-0.66, 0.41) | 0.37 (0.14, 0.59) | 0.23 (-0.10, 0.55) | 0.37 (0.21, 0.52) | 0.01 (-0.27, 0.30) |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| M | 108 | 4.23 (4.10, 4.37) | Reference | 108 | 0.25 (0.05, 0.45) | Reference | 0.33 (0.22, 0.44) | Reference | 0.37 (0.28, 0.47) | Reference |
| F | 125 | 4.21 (4.11, 4.31) | -0.08 (-0.27, 0.12) | 125 | 0.14 (0.01, 0.27) | -0.13 (-0.42, 0.15) | 0.30 (0.21, 0.40) | 0.06 (-0.11, 0.23) | 0.38 (0.29, 0.46) | 0.03 (-0.12, 0.18) |
| SES | ||||||||||
| Low | 8 | 3.88 (3.43, 4.32) | -0.16 (-0.72, 0.40) | 8 | -0.12 (-0.91, 0.66) | -0.14 (-0.94, 0.66) | 0.08 (-0.12, 0.29) | -0.16 (-0.64, 0.33) | 0.12 (-0.05, 0.30) | -0.35 (-0.78, 0.08) |
| Lower-middle | 43 | 4.05 (3.87, 4.22) | -0.13 (-0.41, 0.15) | 43 | 0.00 (-0.18, 0.18) | -0.14 (-0.54, 0.26) | 0.30 (0.12, 0.49) | 0.00 (-0.25, 0.24) | 0.29 (0.18, 0.41) | -0.16 (-0.37, 0.06) |
| Middle | 84 | 4.19 (4.01, 4.37) | Reference | 84 | 0.10 (-0.13, 0.32) | Reference | 0.33 (0.19, 0.47) | Reference | 0.48 (0.33, 0.62) | Reference |
| Upper-middle | 85 | 4.35 (4.21, 4.50) | 0.08 (-0.15, 0.32) | 85 | 0.40 (0.16, 0.64) | 0.28 (-0.06, 0.61) | 0.31 (0.18, 0.44) | 0.11 (-0.09, 0.31) | 0.29 (0.19, 0.39) | -0.13 (-0.31, 0.05) |
| High | 13 | 4.31 (3.93, 4.69) | 0.04 (-0.40, 0.47) | 13 | 0.23 (-0.14, 0.60) | 0.06 (-0.56, 0.68) | 0.38 (-0.03, 0.80) | 0.20 (-0.18, 0.58) | 0.67 (0.36, 0.97) | 0.27 (-0.07, 0.60) |
| Ethnicityd | ||||||||||
| NZ European | 139 | 4.28 (4.19, 4.37) | Reference | 139 | 0.24 (0.11, 0.38) | Reference | 0.20 (0.12, 0.28) | Reference | 0.33 (0.26, 0.40) | Reference |
| Māori | 14 | 3.71 (3.38, 4.05) | -0.37 (-0.79, 0.05) | 14 | -0.21 (-0.54, 0.11) | -0.16 (-0.77, 0.44) | 0.52 (0.07, 0.97) | 0.40 (0.04, 0.77) | 0.45 (0.15, 0.75) | 0.13 (-0.20, 0.45) |
| Pacific | 6 | 3.33 (2.80, 3.87) | -0.97 (-1.61, -0.32) | 6 | -0.33 (-0.67, 0.00) | -0.44 (-1.36, 0.49) | 0.11 (-0.22, 0.44) | 0.13 (-0.43, 0.69) | 0.56 (0.20, 0.91) | 0.36 (-0.13, 0.86) |
| Asian | 72 | 4.28 (4.10, 4.45) | -0.07 (-0.31, 0.18) | 72 | 0.21 (-0.06, 0.47) | -0.03 (-0.38, 0.32) | 0.50 (0.36, 0.65) | 0.29 (0.07, 0.50) | 0.45 (0.31, 0.59) | 0.06 (-0.13, 0.25) |
| Nativity | ||||||||||
| Born in NZ | 145 | 4.17 (4.06, 4.27) | Reference | 145 | 0.14 (-0.02, 0.31) | Reference | 0.22 (0.13, 0.31) | Reference | 0.32 (0.24, 0.39) | Reference |
| Born Overseas | 88 | 4.31 (4.13, 4.48) | 0.1 (-0.14, 0.33) | 88 | 0.26 (0.06, 0.46) | 0.07 (-0.26, 0.40) | 0.46 (0.31, 0.62) | 0.18 (-0.02, 0.38) | 0.47 (0.34, 0.60) | 0.15 (-0.02, 0.33) |
| SDRS | ||||||||||
| 0 | 116 | 4.30 (4.16, 4.45) | Reference | 123 | 0.28 (0.08, 0.48) | Reference | 0.37 (0.26, 0.48) | Reference | 0.38 (0.27, 0.49) | Reference |
| 1 | 68 | 4.16 (4.00, 4.32) | -0.13 (-0.35, 0.09) | 69 | 0.13 (-0.08, 0.34) | -0.10 (-0.42, 0.22) | 0.23 (0.07, 0.39) | -0.15 (-0.35, 0.04) | 0.34 (0.24, 0.45) | -0.07 (-0.24, 0.10) |
| 2 | 32 | 4.00 (3.83, 4.17) | -0.27 (-0.57, 0.03) | 33 | -0.16 (-0.46, 0.15) | -0.39 (-0.81, 0.03) | 0.32 (0.10, 0.55) | -0.10 (-0.36, 0.15) | 0.47 (0.28, 0.66) | 0.07 (-0.15, 0.30) |
| 3 | 15 | 4.33 (3.97, 4.70) | 0.08 (-0.32, 0.49) | 15 | 0.47 (0.00, 0.93) | 0.17 (-0.41, 0.75) | 0.27 (-0.03, 0.56) | -0.06 (-0.41, 0.29) | 0.36 (0.16, 0.55) | 0.04 (-0.27, 0.35) |
| 4 | 0 | - | - | 0 | ||||||
| 5 | 2 | 0 (—) | 0 (—) | 2 | 0 (—) | 0 (—) | 0 (—) | -0.39 (-1.33, 0.54) | 0 (—) | -0.60 (-1.43, 0.22) |
a Ethnic preference reverse scored. Scores above 4 (neutral) indicate preference for NZE relative to Māori, and scores below 4 indicate preference for Māori relative to NZE.
b Mean paired difference.
c Age missing n = 3 responses for Ethnic Preference.
d Ethnicity is prioritised, ‘Other’ ethnic grouping not included because of small numbers.
Numbers less than 5 have been censored.