. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Community Psychol. 2017 Oct 12;46(1):79–94. doi: 10.1002/jcop.21917

Table 3.

Item-level hierarchical regression of indicators of neighborhood violence predicting perceived safety (n = 308)

Perceived violence item	Step	Variable	B	SE B	β	t	R²	ΔR²	95% CI
Rape/assault	1						.24	.24^***
		Race	−.87	.46	−.10	−1.88			[−1.77, .04]
		Gender	−.33	.27	−.06	−1.20			[−.86, .21]
		Social Cohesion & Trust	.12^**	−.05	−.17	−2.79			[.04, .21]
		Informal Social Control	.06	.03	.11	1.91			[−.00, .11]
		Aesthetic Quality	.03	.04	.04	.63			[−.06, .11]
		Walking Environment	.13^***	.03	.27	4.28			[.07, .19]
	2						.26	.25^**
		Race	−.94^*	.45	−.10	−2.06			[−1.83, −.04]
		Gender	−.32	.27	−.06	−1.21			[−.85, .20]
		Social Cohesion & Trust	.11^*	.04	.16	2.53			[.03, .20]
		Informal Social Control	.06^*	.03	.12	2.04			[.00, .12]
		Aesthetic Quality	.02	.04	.03	.48			[−.06, .10]
		Walking Environment	.11^***	.03	.23	3.62			[.05, .18]
		Rape/Assault	−.43^**	.14	−.16	−3.12			[−.70, −.16]
	3						.28	.26^*
		Race	−.93^*	.45	−.10	−2.07			[−1.83, −.05]
		Gender	.96	.58	.18	1.64			[−.19, 2.11]
		Social Cohesion & Trust	.12^**	.04	.17	2.73			[.03, .21]
		Informal Social Control	.06^*	.03	.12	2.16			[.01, .12]
		Aesthetic Quality	.03	.04	.04	.72			[−.05, .11]
		Walking Environment	.10^**	.03	.21	3.32			[.04, .17]
		Rape/Assault	−.17	.17	−.06	−.96			[−.51, .18]
		Gender x Rape/Assault	−.66^*	.27	−.29	−2.46			[−1.19, −.13]
Fight with weapon	1						.24	.24^***
		Race	−.87	.46	−.10	−1.88			[−1.77, .04]
		Gender	−.33	.27	−.06	−1.20			[−.86, .21]
		Social Cohesion & Trust	.12^**	−.05	−.17	−2.79			[.04, .21]
		Informal Social Control	.06	.03	.11	1.91			[−.00, .11]
		Aesthetic Quality	.03	.04	.04	.63			[−.06, .11]
		Walking Environment	.13^***	.03	.27	4.28			[.07, .19]
	2						.33	.09^***
		Race	−.74	.43	−.08	−1.71			[−1.59, .11]
		Gender	−.49	.26	−.09	−1.93			[−1.00, .01]
		Social Cohesion & Trust	.09^*	.04	.12	2.10			[.01, .17]
		Informal Social	.06	.03	.13	2.31			[.10, .19]
		Control
		Aesthetic Quality	.02	.04	.03	.46			[−.06, .10]
		Walking Environment	.09^**	.03	.19	3.03			[.03, .15]
		Fight with Weapon	−.82^***	.13	−.33	−6.40			[−1.07, −.57]
	3						.34	.007
		Race	−.76	.43	−.08	−1.77			[−1.61, .09]
		Gender	.71	.74	.13	.95			[−.76, 2.17]
		Social Cohesion & Trust	.09^*	.04	.13	2.21			[.01, .18]
		Informal Social Control	.06^*	.03	.12	2.20			[.01, .11]
		Aesthetic Quality	.02	.04	.03	.50			[−.06, .10]
		Walking Environment	.09^**	.03	.19	3.10			[.03, .15]
		Fight with Weapon	−.62^***	.17	−.25	−3.61			[−.96, −.28]
		Gender x Fight with Weapon	−.41	.24	−.24	−1.72			[−.88, .06]
Gang fight	1						.24	.24^***
		Race	−.87	.46	−.10	−1.88			[−1.77, .04]
		Gender	−.34	.27	−.06	−1.20			[−.86, .21]
		Social Cohesion & Trust	.12^**	−.05	−.17	−2.79			[.04, .21]
		Informal Social Control	.06	.03	.11	1.91			[−.00, .11]
		Aesthetic Quality	.03	.04	.04	.63			[−.06, .11]
		Walking Environment	.13^***	.03	.27	4.28			[.07, .19]
	2						.27	.25^**
		Race	−.85	.45	−.09	−1.87			[−1.74, .04]
		Gender	−.31	.27	−.06	−1.18			[.84, .21]
		Social Cohesion & Trust	.11^*	.04	.15	2.43			[.20, .19]
		Informal Social Control	.05	.03	.11	1.92			[−.00, .11]
		Aesthetic Quality	.02	.04	.04	.57			[−.06, .12]
		Walking Environment	.12^***	.03	.24	3.76			[.06, .18]
		Gang Fights	−.42^**	.12	−.18	−3.48			[−.66, −.18]
	3						.27	.25
		Race	−.83	.45	−.09	−1.85			[−1.73, .06]
		Gender	.08	.55	.02	.15			[−.99, 1.16]
		Social Cohesion & Trust	.11^*	.04	.15	2.43			[.02, .19]
		Informal Social Control	.06	.03	.11	1.94			[−.00, .11]
		Aesthetic Quality	.02	.04	.04	.59			[−.06, .11]
		Walking Environment	.12^***	.03	.24	3.74			[.06, .18]
		Gang Fights	−.34^*	.15	−.15	−2.21			[−.65, −.04]
		Gender x Gang Fights	−.20	.24	−.09	−.83			[−.66, .27]
Robbery/mugging	1						.24	.24^***
		Race	−.87	.46	−.10	−1.88			[−1.77, .04]
		Gender	−.33	.27	−.06	−1.20			[−.86, .21]
		Social Cohesion & Trust	.12^**	−.05	−.17	−2.79			[.04, .21]
		Informal Social Control	.06	.03	.11	1.91			[−.00, .11]
		Aesthetic Quality	.03	.04	.04	.63			[−.06, .11]
		Walking Environment	.13^***	.03	.27	4.28			[.07, .19]
	2						.33	.09^***
		Race	−.73	.43	−.08	−1.68			[−1.58, .12]
		Gender	−.45	.25	−.08	−1.78			[−.96, .05]
		Social Cohesion & Trust	.10^*	.04	.14	2.39			[.02, .18]
		Informal Social Control	.05	.03	.10	1.81			[−.00, .10]
		Aesthetic Quality	.00	.04	.00	−.06			[−.08, .08]
		Walking Environment	.09^**	.03	.20	3.18			[.04, .15]
		Robbery/Mugging	−.75^***	.12	−.33	−6.37			[−.98, −.52]
	3						.33	.001
		Race	−.74	.43	−.08	−1.70
		Gender	−.11	.64	−.02	−.17			[−1.36, 1.15]
		Social Cohesion & Trust	.10^*	.04	.14	2.42			[.02, .19]
		Informal Social Control	.05	.03	.10	1.85			[−.00, .11]
		Aesthetic Quality	.00	.04	.00	−.06			[−.08, .08]
		Walking Environment	.09^**	.03	.19	3.16			[.04, .15]
		Robbery/Mugging	−.69^***	.15	−.31	−4.61			[−.99, −.40]
		Gender x Robbery/Mugging	−.13	.22	−.07	−.59			[−.56, .30]

Note. SE = standard error; CI = confidence interval.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001.