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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Care. 2018 Aug;56(8):701–710. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000947

Table 4. 2011 Application Match Balance Table.

See Supplemental Digital Content 10 for a complete matching table. Note, each matched pair between patients at a low-volume (LV) and a high-volume hospital (HV) was matched exactly on the 135 surgical principal procedures performed at both high-volume and low-volume hospitals, and an indicator of multimorbidity or non-multimorbidity status based on the 113 individual qualifying comorbidity sets.

Variable (% unless noted) LV Hosp
Cases
N = 3,151		 HV Hosp Matched
Controls
N = 3,151		 All HV Hosp
Controls
N = 20,758		 Std. Diff‡
Before
Match		 P-Value
Before
Match		 Std. Diff‡
After
Match		 P-Value
After
Match
Demographics
Age on admission (years, mean) 75.5 75.5 75.3 0.04 0.048 −0.01 0.575
Sex (% Male) 47.6 47.2 49.0 −0.03 0.141 0.01 0.762
Emergency Admission 46.8 46.2 39.9 0.14 0.000 0.01 0.649
Transfer-in Status 0.5 1.3 0.6 −0.01 0.803 −0.10 0.002
Probability of 30-Day Mortality (mean) 6.4 6.5 7.8 −0.12 0.000 −0.01 0.634
N QCSs (mean) 7.7 7.5 9.0 −0.12 0.000 0.02 0.197
Selected Qualifying Comorbidity Sets(see Supplemental Digital Content 10 for complete list of 113 matched sets)
COPD | Heart Failure 28.7 29.0 26.1 0.06 0.002 −0.01 0.781
Heart Failure | PVD 22.2 23.7 24.3 −0.05 0.010 −0.04 0.168
Heart Failure | Renal Dys 21.9 22.3 23.5 −0.04 0.047 −0.01 0.693
Heart Failure | HTN Comp 19.8 19.5 21.8 −0.05 0.009 0.01 0.824
COPD | Pneumonia 22.9 22.1 19.8 0.07 0.000 0.02 0.469
Anemia | Pneumonia 20.0 19.5 20.3 −0.01 0.704 0.01 0.591
Atrial Fib | Renal Dys 16.0 16.9 19.8 −0.10 0.000 −0.02 0.359
AMI/Isch Heart | Pneumonia 19.3 18.9 18.9 0.01 0.575 0.01 0.677
AMI/Isch Heart | COPD | Renal Dys 15.2 15.8 16.2 −0.03 0.145 −0.02 0.486
Atrial Fib | Heart Failure | Anemia 13.1 14.7 16.8 −0.10 0.000 −0.05 0.069
AMI/Isch Heart | HTN Comp | PVD 13.3 14.5 16.3 −0.08 0.000 −0.03 0.178
Heart Failure | Pneumonia 15.9 14.4 15.2 0.02 0.276 0.04 0.106
Anemia | HTN Comp | PVD 11.5 13.2 15.9 −0.13 0.000 −0.05 0.047
AMI/Isch Heart | COPD | HTN Comp 13.2 13.7 14.1 −0.03 0.177 −0.02 0.530
PVD | Pneumonia 13.0 12.7 13.9 −0.03 0.202 0.01 0.707
Heart Failure | Anemia | Trauma 12.4 12.3 14.1 −0.05 0.013 0.00 0.909
Pneumonia | Renal Dys 12.1 10.6 13.4 −0.04 0.045 0.04 0.074
Pneumonia | Trauma 14.0 12.8 12.9 0.03 0.078 0.04 0.172
Arr Non-Emerg | Pneumonia 11.9 11.6 13.3 −0.04 0.041 0.01 0.667
COPD | PVD | Renal Dys 11.6 11.9 12.3 −0.02 0.293 −0.01 0.696
AMI/Isch Heart | Atrial Fib | HTN Comp 8.8 9.6 12.9 −0.13 0.000 −0.03 0.257
Heart Failure | Wt Loss/Malnut 11.7 10.8 12.7 −0.03 0.089 0.03 0.319
Atrial Fib | Pneumonia 10.8 10.6 11.9 −0.04 0.075 0.01 0.839
Pneumonia | Valvular Heart Disease 9.6 9.7 12.2 −0.08 0.000 0.00 0.932
Atrial Fib | Anemia | HTN Comp 7.7 8.7 12.1 −0.15 0.000 −0.03 0.168
HTN Comp | Pneumonia 9.3 8.0 11.0 −0.06 0.005 0.04 0.073
COPD | Renal Dys | Smoking/Tobacco Abuse 10.1 10.5 10.7 −0.02 0.291 −0.01 0.590
Pneumonia | Stroke/TIA 11.2 11.5 10.4 0.03 0.169 −0.01 0.691
COPD | HTN Comp | PVD 9.8 9.8 10.1 −0.01 0.568 0.00 1.000
Atrial Fib | COPD | PVD 9.2 10.2 10.5 −0.04 0.024 −0.04 0.173
PVD | Renal Dys | Trauma 8.1 8.5 10.2 −0.07 0.000 −0.01 0.615
Atrial Fib | Heart Failure | Trauma 8.7 9.4 10.2 −0.05 0.011 −0.02 0.356
Diab Mod/Severe | Pneumonia 8.8 8.6 9.9 −0.04 0.071 0.01 0.823
Diab Mod/Severe | HTN Comp | PVD 8.3 9.3 9.7 −0.05 0.010 −0.04 0.142
COPD | Renal Dys | Trauma 9.0 7.8 9.5 −0.02 0.413 0.04 0.103
‡

Standardized Difference in units of standard deviations.