Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics (n=152).
| Characteristics | n (%) |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Gender | |
| Male | 110 (72.4) |
| Female | 42 (27.6) |
| Ethnic group | |
| Malay | 80 (52.6) |
| Chinese | 61 (40.1) |
| Indian | 11 (7.2) |
| Age, years (median, IQR) | 68 (61–75) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 (median, IQR) | 24.7 (21.9–27.1) |
| Body mass index by category | |
| Underweight | 7 (4.6) |
| Normal | 76 (50.0) |
| Overweight | 48 (31.6) |
| Obese | 21 (13.8) |
| Initial serum creatinine, μmol (median, IQR) | 154 (117–216) |
| Initial eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 (median, IQR) | 38 (24.8–50.5) |
| Initial eGFR by KDOQI staging, mL/min/1.73 m2 | |
| >90 | 5 (3.3) |
| 60–89 | 16 (10.5) |
| 45–59 | 29 (19.1) |
| 30–44 | 48 (31.6) |
| 15–29 | 34 (22.4) |
| <15 | 20 (13.2) |
| Concomitant medications | |
| ACE/ARB | 29 (19.1) |
| Antiplatelet | 56 (36.8) |
| Diuretic | 38 (25) |
| Beta-blocker | 47 (30.9) |
| CCB | 66 (43.4) |
| Statin | 75 (49.3) |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents | 28 (18.4) |
| Antibiotics | 65 (42.8) |
| NSAIDs | 4 (2.6) |
eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACE/ARB: angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor/angiotensin-receptor blocker; CCB: calcium channel blocker; NSAIDs: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; KDOQI: Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative