Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in propensity score–matched patients with atrial fibrillation using direct oral anticoagulants or warfarin from October of 2010 to February of 2017 in the Geisinger Health System
| Variable | Direct Oral Anticoagulants (n=3206) | Warfarin (n=3206) | Standardized Mean Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (SD), yr | 73 (11) | 72 (12) | 0.02 |
| Female, % | 47 | 46 | 0.01 |
| White, % | 98 | 98 | 0.01 |
| Mean eGFR (SD), ml/min per 1.73 m2a | 69 (21) | 68 (22) | 0.01 |
| eGFR category, % | |||
| ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 65 | 65 | 0.01 |
| 30–59 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 31 | 31 | 0.000 |
| <30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 4 | 4 | 0.01 |
| Year, % | |||
| 2010–2012 | 22 | 22 | 0.001 |
| 2013–2014 | 35 | 34 | 0.02 |
| 2015–2017 | 43 | 44 | 0.02 |
| Type of direct oral anticoagulant, % | |||
| Dabigatran | 27 | — | — |
| Rivaroxaban | 41 | — | — |
| Apixaban | 32 | — | — |
| History of prior anticoagulation, % | 37 | 37 | 0.01 |
| Median duration of prior anticoagulation (IQR), yrb | 3 (1–6) | 3 (1–6) | 0.03 |
| Mean CHA2DS2–VASc score (SD) | 4 (2) | 4 (2) | 0.01 |
| Mean HAS-BLED score (SD) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 0.02 |
| Number of prior hospitalizations, % | |||
| None | 33 | 34 | 0.03 |
| 1–3 | 36 | 37 | 0.02 |
| 4–7 | 19 | 17 | 0.06 |
| ≥8 | 12 | 12 | 0.003 |
| Comorbidities, % | |||
| Hypertension | 83 | 83 | 0.02 |
| Diabetes | 34 | 34 | 0.01 |
| Congestive heart failure | 31 | 31 | 0.01 |
| Valvular heart disease | 24 | 26 | 0.03 |
| Valvular atrial fibrillationc | 4 | 5 | 0.04 |
| Myocardial infarction | 15 | 15 | 0.01 |
| Coronary artery disease | 41 | 41 | 0.01 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 16 | 16 | 0.01 |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 10 | 10 | 0.004 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 5 | 5 | 0.01 |
| Bleeding | 35 | 35 | 0.004 |
| Anemia | 37 | 37 | 0.002 |
| Transient ischemic attack | 13 | 14 | 0.01 |
| Ischemic stroke | 9 | 9 | 0.01 |
| ESKD | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.02 |
| Medication use, % | |||
| NSAIDs | 24 | 24 | 0.01 |
| Antiplatelet agents | 22 | 23 | 0.03 |
| Statins | 32 | 31 | 0.001 |
| RAS blockers | 30 | 30 | 0.02 |
All P values are >0.05. —, not applicable; IQR, interquartile range; CHA2DS2–VASc, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke/transient ischemic attack/thromboembolism, vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years, sex category; HAS-BLED, hypertension, abnormal kidney/liver function, stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile international normalized ratio, elderly [age ≥65 years], drugs/alcohol concomitantly; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; RAS blockers, renin-angiotensin system blockers.
Median time (IQR) between eGFR measurements and initial dosing of direct oral anticoagulant was 2 d (0–45).
Only among those with a history of prior anticoagulation.
Valvular atrial fibrillation was defined as atrial fibrillation with rheumatic mitral stenosis or prosthetic heart valve.