Table 3.

Effects on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: crude and adjusted for gender and age^a

	Intrinsic motivation		Extrinsic motivation
	Crude β(95% CI)	Adjusted β(95% CI)	Crude β(95% CI)	Adjusted β(95% CI)
General self-efficacy	0.257(0.154–0.360)	0.298(0.192–0.404)	0.169(0.053–0.285)	0.213(0.095–0.331)
Academic self-efficacy	0.217(0.132–0.302)	0.320(0.168–0.340)	0.123(0.028–0.218)	0.156(0.059–0.253)
Research self-efficacy	0.370(0.297–0.444)	0.384(0.310–0.457)	0.199(0.109–0.288)	0.209(0.120–0.298)
Perceptions of research	0.430(0.339–0.520)	0.438(0.350–0.527)	0.330(0.226–0.433)	0.338(0.235–0.441)
Interest curiosity	0.447(0.354–0.540)	0.444(0.350–0.539)	0.252(0.140–0.365)	0.250(0.138–0.362)
Deprivation curiosity	0.256(0.182, 0.331)	0.245(0.169–0.320)	0.187(0.102–0.271)	0.182(0.097–0.267)
Need for challenge	0.310(0.250–0.370)	0.316(0.257–0.376)	0.189(0.117–0.262)	0.191(0.119–0.264)

^aAll p-values were below 0.05, all but three p-values were below 0.01