Fig. 4.
Stability tests for 1 ml deep-supercooled water at −20 °C. a ff of deep-supercooled (DSC) water sealed by MO under various disturbances. Vibrational disturbance was imposed by shaking plate with different shaking frequencies and centrifugal forces (i.e., 0.84 g or 2.1 g). Thermal disturbance was imposed by placing or plunging the DSC tubes into 37 °C incubator (37 °C gas) or water bath (37 °C water). Ultrasonic disturbance was introduced by putting the DSC tubes into 40 kHz ultrasonic water bath. n = 6, N = 48. Error bars represent standard deviations. b ff of DSC water sealed by linear alkanes and primary alcohols under 40 kHz ultrasonic disturbance. n = 3, N = 24 (except for C5, N = 8). c Representative image sequences of ultrasonication tests for DSC water sealed by linear alkanes or primary alcohols