Fig. 5.

Cold storage and deep-supercooled preservation of human red blood cells. a Preservation of human red blood cells (hRBCs) for 42 and 100 days at various temperatures in conventional anticoagulant citrate phosphate double dextrose (CP2D) supplemented with additive solution 3 (AS-3) (CP2D + AS-3), and UW solution supplemented with 5% (w/v) trehalose (UW + Tre). Black dots are the debris of lysed RBCs without holding hemoglobin. Successful DSC for 1 ml suspension of 10 million hRBCs in polystyrene tubes was achieved by surface sealing with 0.5 ml PO. Scale bar is 50 µm. b Hemoglobin recovery rate of RBCs post 42-day storage. n = 3. c Hemoglobin recovery rate of RBCs post 100-day storage. n = 3. d The percentages of RBCs with normal morphology and size post 100-day storage in UW + Tre solution. Bright disk-shaped RBCs with smooth plasma membrane and diameter 5 µm ≤ D ≤ 10 µm are regarded as normal morphology. n = 3. The total number of counted cells N = 1800 ± 50 for each case. Error bars represent standard deviations