Table 4.

Univariable and multivariable analyses of factors associated with development of acute kidney injury (KDIGO stage 2).

Variable	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis*
	sHR (95% CI)	p	sHR (95% CI)	p
Age in years	1.03 (1.00–1.06)	0.092	1.02 (0.99–1.06)	0.17
Male gender	0.95 (0.49–1.87)	0.89
Diabetes mellitus	1.18 (0.59–2.36)	0.64
Chronic renal failure	0.79 (0.32–1.99)	0.62
Severe hepatic failure	0.70 (0.17–2.97)	0.63
Solid neoplasms	1.28 (0.58–2.82)	0.54
Hematological malignancies	0.71 (0.26–1.91)	0.49
Causative agent of BSI		0.67
Enterobacteriaceae	1 (Reference)
Pseudomonas spp.	1.15 (0.43–3.05)
Acinetobacter spp.	1.72 (0.82–3.62)
Enterobacteriaceae plus Pseudomonas spp.	1.80 (0.37–8.91)
Enterobacteriaceae plus Acinetobacter spp.	1.66 (0.27–10.36)
Colistin susceptibility test method		0.13
Vitek 2	1 (Reference)
Etest	1.69 (0.85–3.35)
Polymicrobial	0.55 (0.21–1.43)	0.22
ICU stay	1.63 (0.83–3.2)	0.16
Presence of central venous catheter	0.47 (0.23–0.95)	0.035	0.56 (0.26–1.23)	0.15
Presence of septic shock	1.17 (0.59–2.29)	0.66
Neutropenia	0.28 (0.04–1.93)	0.2
Serum hemoglobin in g/dl	1.05 (0.83–1.35)	0.67
Serum total bilirubin in mg/dl	0.97 (0.90–1.05)	0.48
Serum creatinine in mg/dl	0.73 (0.38–1.42)	0.35
Serum albumin < 2.5 g/dl	2.55 (1.27–5.15)	0.009	2.37 (1.15–4.87)	0.019
Type of adequate therapy		0.69
Colistin monotherapy	1 (Reference)
2 active agents including colistin	0.75 (0.38–1.51)
3 active agents including colistin	0.90 (0.26–4.72)
Time to adequate therapy in days	1.02 (0.91–1.15)	0.7
9 MU colistimethate loading-dose	1.82 (0.92–3.6)	0.086	1.83 (0.88–3.82)	0.11
Use of other nephrotoxic agents	0.87 (0.20–3.77)	0.85

KDIGO, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes³¹; sHR, subdistribution hazard ratio; CI, confidence intervals; BSI, bloodstream infection; ICU, intensive care unit; MU, million units.

*Only results for variables retained in the final multivariable model are presented.