Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the patients in the derivation cohort: continuous variables are represented as median, (interquartile range, IQR); categorical variables were represented as (%, n).
| Sepsis patients (n = 101) | Surg. controls (n = 53) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Age [years, median (IQR)] | 72.00 (15) | 64.00 (18) | 0.006 |
| Male | 65.35 (66) | 71.70 (38) | n.s. | |
| Comorbidities, % (n) | High Blood Pressure | 55.45 (56) | 60 (30) | n.s. |
| Chronic cardiovascular disease | 47 (47) | 32.65 (16) | n.s. | |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 14.85 (15) | 21.15 (11) | n.s. | |
| Chronic renal failure | 14.85 (15) | 2 (1) | n.s. | |
| Chronic hepatic failure | 2.97 (3) | 5.88 (3) | n.s. | |
| Neurologic disease | 4.95 (5) | 3.77 (2) | n.s. | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 3.96 (4) | 5.66 (3) | n.s. | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 33.66 (34) | 18.87 (10) | 0.005 | |
| Cancer | 29.70 (30) | 45.3 (24) | 0.050 | |
| Immunosuppression | 17.84 (17) | 13.89 (5) | n.s. | |
| Surgery type, % (n) | Urgent surgery | 63.36 (64) | 4.76 (2) | <0.001 |
| Cardio-thoracic | 30 (30) | 39.62 (21) | n.s. | |
| Abdominal | 62 (62) | 43.40 (23) | n.s. | |
| Neurosurgery | 1 (1) | 1.89 (1) | n.s. | |
| Vascular | 3 (3) | 3.77 (2) | n.s. | |
| Urological/Renal | 1 (1) | 9.43 (5) | 0.011 | |
| Other | 3 (3) | 1.89 (1) | n.s. | |
| Time course and outcome | Length of hospital stay [days, median (IQR)] | 26.5 (23.5) | 10.0 (7.0) | <0.001 |
| Length of ICU stay [days,median (IQR)] | 14.0 (17.0) | 4.0 (3.0) | <0.001 | |
| SIRS, % (n) | 100 (101) | 56.60 (30) | <0.001 | |
| Septic Shock, % (n) | 61.39 (62) | n.a | n.a. | |
| Non-survivors at day 28, % (n) | 19.80 (20) | 0 | <0.001 | |
| Hospital mortality, % (n) | 24.75 (25) | 0 | <0.001 | |
| Source of infection, % (n) | Unknown | 14.85 (15) | n.a. | n.a. |
| Respiratory tract | 18.81 (19) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Abdomen | 45.55 (46) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Urinary tract | 4.95 (5) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Surgical site | 5.94 (6) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Bacteremia | 4.95 (5) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Other | 4.95 (5) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Microbiology, % (n) | Gram+ | 46.5 (47) | n.a. | n.a. |
| Gram− | 58.4 (59) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Fungi | 6.9 (7) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Virus | 2 (2) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Polymicrobial | 40.6 (41) | n.a. | n.a. | |
| Measurements at diagnosis, [median (IQR)] | SOFA score | 8 (6) | 1 (3) | <0.001 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.75 (1.30) | 0.77 (0.53) | n.s. | |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 152.0 (78.0) | 135.0 (55.0) | n.s. | |
| Platelet count (cell/mm3) | 180000 (194.75) | 155000 (740000) | n.s. | |
| INR | 1.30 (0.42) | 1.23 (0.41) | n.s. | |
| ScvO2 (%) | 73.10 (19.00) | 68.80 (80.00) | n.s. | |
| CRP (mg/L) | 232.30 (169.25) | 57.70 (77.70) | <0.001 | |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 5.57 (17.51) | 0.50 (0.97) | <0.001 | |
| White Blood cells (cells/mm3) | 14465 (10257.50) | 12290 (4875.0) | 0.023 | |
| Neutrophils (cells/mm3) | 12337 (9220.50) | 10016 (4704.5) | 0.017 |
ICU: intensive care unit; SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Score; CRP, C reactive protein; INR, international normalized ratio; ScvO2: Central venous oxygen saturation; n.s: not significant; n.a: not applicable.